Sex-specific and sex-independent steroid-related biomarkers in early second trimester maternal serum associated with autism

Table 5 Association between free testosterone and odds of offspring developing autism

Cohort	Mean	Range	SD	Crude models^a			Adjusted models^a,b
Cohort	Mean	Range	SD	OR	95% CI	P Value	AOR	95% CI	P Value
Overall (N = 134)	1.27	0.00–4.91	0.88	1.01	0.68–1.48	0.98	1.08	0.68–1.71	0.74
By sex
Males (n = 80)	1.31	0.00–4.91	0.95	0.84	0.53–1.36	0.483	1.05	0.62–1.79	0.846
Females (n = 54)	1.20	0.04–3.26	0.76	1.35	0.64–2.84	0.434	0.53	0.18–1.62	0.265
By gestational age category^c
Term (n = 96)	1.26	0.06–4.02	0.78	0.96	0.57–1.63	0.888	0.96	0.51–1.83	0.906
Preterm (n = 38)	1.27	0.00–4.91	1.1	1.08	0.58–2.03	0.809	1.01	0.49–2.08	0.981

^aOR and AOR are calculated for every 1 pg/ml increase in free testosterone
^bAdjusted for Principal Component Factor 1 (gestational age, birthweight), Principal Component Factor 2 (maternal age, paternal age, maternal education duration, paternal education duration), pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, newborn sex. When stratified by sex, sex was removed as a covariate. When stratified by gestational age category, principal component factor 1 was replaced with birthweight
^cPreterm < 37 weeks gestation; term ≥ 37 weeks gestation

ISSN: 2040-2392