Sex-specific and sex-independent steroid-related biomarkers in early second trimester maternal serum associated with autism

Table 3 Association between maternal serum estradiol levels and odds of offspring developing autism

Cohort	Mean	Range	SD	Crude models^a			Adjusted models^a,b
Cohort	Mean	Range	SD	OR	95% CI	P Value	AOR	95% CI	P Value
Overall (N = 135)	1096.01	192.50–2524.54	500.66	1.09	1.01–1.17	0.023	1.08	1.00–1.17	0.065
By Sex
Males (n = 81)	1143.94	330.83–2285.98	478.24	1.09	0.99–1.21	0.083	1.13	1.01–1.27	0.036
Females (n = 54)	1024.11	192.50–2524.54	528.9	1.06	0.95–1.18	0.294	0.94	0.79–1.11	0.438
By gestational age category^c
Term (n = 96)	1153.46	330.83–2285.98	444.61	1.14	1.03–1.26	0.011	1.17	1.04–1.32	0.01
Preterm (n = 39)	954.59	192.50–2524.54	600.7	0.99	0.89–1.11	0.82	0.97	0.85–1.11	0.687

^aOR and AOR are calculated for every 100 pg/ml increase in estradiol
^bAdjusted for Principal Component Factor 1 (gestational age, birthweight), Principal Component Factor 2 (maternal age, paternal age, maternal education duration, paternal education duration), pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, newborn sex. When stratified by sex, sex was removed as a covariate. When stratified by gestational age category, principal component factor 1 was replaced with birthweight
^cPreterm < 37 weeks gestation; term ≥ 37 weeks gestation

ISSN: 2040-2392