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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants (means, standard deviations, and ranges)

From: Sex differences in social and emotional insight in youth with and without autism

 

Autistic (N = 32)

Non-Autistic (N = 32)

Effects

Sex ratio

16f, 16 m (50% Male)

16f, 16 m (50% Male)

χ2 = N/A, p = N/A

Race

Black or African-American: 3.1% (n = 1)

White/Caucasian: 87.5% (n = 28)

Asian or Pacific Islander: 3.1% (n = 1)

Multiracial: 6.3% (n = 2)

Other: 0% (n = 0)

Black or African-American: 37.5% (n = 12)

White/Caucasian: 37.5% (n = 12)

Asian or Pacific Islander: 6.3% (n = 2)

Multiracial: 15.6% (n = 5)

Other: 3.1% (n = 1)

χ2 = 18.32, p = .001

Maternal Education

High school or less: 3.1% (n = 1)

Bachelor’s or less: 46.9% (n = 15)

Graduate degree: 28.1% (n = 9)

Not reported: 21.9% (n = 7)

High school or less: 9.4% (n = 3)

Bachelor’s or less: 28.1% (n = 9)

Graduate degree: 34.4% (n = 11)

Not reported: 28.1% (n = 9)

χ2 = 10.17, p = .118

 

Girls

Boys

Girls

Boys

Sex

Dx

Sex in Autism

Age (years)

Mean (SD)

10.46 (1.53)

Range

8.67–13.25

Mean (SD)

9.60 (1.69)

Range

7.42–12.50

Mean (SD)

9.99 (2.12)

Range

6.75–13.60

Mean (SD)

9.88 (2.08)

Range

7.01–12.75

p = .296

F(1.62) = 1.11

p = .841

F(1,62) = .04

p = .139

F(1,30) = 2.31

Full-Scale IQ

Mean (SD)

109.94

(9.97)

Range

92.00–131.00

Mean (SD)

107.31

(11.58)

Range

92.00–128.00

Mean (SD)

105.69 (15.18)

Range

84.00–134.00

Mean (SD)

109.19 (12.94)

Range

86.00–129.00

p = .889

F(1.62) = .02

p = .704

F(1,62) = .15

p = .497

F(1,30) = .47

Verbal IQ

Mean (SD)

109.75 (12.80)

Range

87.00–134.00

Mean (SD)

108.44 (12.56)

Range

83.00–130.00

Mean (SD)

107.75 (12.80)

Range

84.00–129.00

Mean (SD)

108.88 (14.02)

Range

86.00–130.00

p = .977

F(1,62) = .001

p = .806

F(1.62) = .06

p = .765

F(1,30) = .09

Nonverbal IQ

Mean (SD)

109.63 (10.87)

Range

90.00–133.00

Mean (SD)

107.69 (12.25)

Range

87.00–131.00

Mean (SD)

102.19 (15.52)

Range

81.00–132.00

Mean (SD)

108.44 (12.69)

Range

89.00–130.00

p = .510

F(1,62) = .44

p = .306

F(1,62) = 1.07

p = .639

F(1,30) = .22

ADOS-2 Total

CSS

Mean (SD)

5.75 (2.27)

Range

2.00–10.00

Mean (SD)

7.00 (2.50)

Range

3.00–10.00

Mean (SD)

1.38 (.89)

Range

1.00–4.00

Mean (SD)

1.31 (.60)

Range

1.00–3.00

p = .448

F(1,62) = .58

p < .001

F(1,62) = 125.11

p = .149

F(1.30) = 2.19

ADOS-2 SA CSS

Mean (SD)

5.81 (2.14)

Range

3.00–10.00

Mean (SD)

6.94 (2.38)

Range

3.00–10.00

Mean (SD)

1.81 (1.27)

Range

1.00–5.00

Mean (SD)

1.81 (.91)

Range

1.00–3.00

p = .444

F(1,62) = .59

p < .001

F(1,62) = 103.06

p = .170

F(1,30) = 1.98

ADOS-2 RRB CSS

Mean (SD)

6.44 (2.66)

Range

1.00–10.00

Mean (SD)

6.69 (2.60)

Range

1.00–8.00

Mean (SD)

1.87 (1.92)

Range

1.00–7.00

Mean (SD)

2.38 (2.16)

Range

1.00–7.00

p = .644

F(1,62) = .22

p < .001

F(1,62) = 58.25

p = .790

F(1,30) = .07

SCQ Total

Mean (SD)

19.56 (6.85)

Range

8.00–31.00

Mean (SD)

18.69 (6.34)

Range

9.00–30.00

Mean (SD)

1.75 (2.86)

Range

0.00–10.00

Mean (SD)

3.31 (3.53)

Range

0.00–14.00

p = .890

F(1,62) = .02

p < .001

F(1,62) = 166.20

p = .710

F(1,30) = .1

  1. Race was missing for one of the non-autistic participants. Maternal education was missing for seven of the autistic participants and for nine of the non-autistic participants. CSS = ADOS-2 calibrated severity scores; SA CSS = social affect calibrated severity score; RBB CSS = repetitive behaviors/restricted interests calibrated severity score, SCQ = Social Communication Questionnaire. Chi-squared tests for diagnostic group differences in race ratio and maternal education. p values for the main effects of sex and diagnosis are shown above, as well as p values for sex differences specifically in the autistic group
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Molecular Autism

ISSN: 2040-2392