Fig. 1

Developmental sleep disruption in Shank3ΔC ASD mouse models. A-D Noninvasive home-cage sleep recordings were conducted for male and female Shank3^WT/ΔC heterozygotes, Shank3^ΔC/ΔC homozygotes, and wild-type (WT) littermates, at two developmental time points: juvenile (P23–P41) and adolescent (P42–P56). A Juvenile males, B juvenile females, C adolescent males, D adolescent females. A–D Left panel: trace of daily average hourly percent sleep, dark phase indicated by gray box. Center panel: average hourly percent sleep for the light or dark phase [12 h], or the daily average. Right panel: average sleep bout length observed in the light or dark phase. Genotype differences found with post hoc Tukey correction are indicated. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 (1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons). Error bars indicate ± SEM in sleep traces; box plots show median, range, and 1st/3rd quartiles for sleep values. Statistics analysis is summarized in Additional file 1