Skip to main content

Table 2 Scores on measures of autistic traits, empathy and emotion recognition abilities in EP young adults and term-born controls

From: Extremely preterm birth and autistic traits in young adulthood: the EPICure study

 

Extremely preterm

Term controls

EP vs controls

Effect size measured by Cohen’s d

 

Male

Female

All

Male

Female

All

Unadjusted

Adjusted for sex, age & SES

Adjusted for sex, age, IQ & SES

 

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean difference (95% CI)

p

Mean difference (95% CI)

p

Mean difference (95% CI)

p

 

BAPQa

             

 Mean Aloof

2.84 ± 0.86

(n = 53)

2.91 ± 0.85

(n = 64)

2.88 ± 0.85

(n = 117)

2.44 ± 0.78

(n = 22)

2.33 ± 0.79

(n = 39)

2.37 ± 0.78

(n = 61)

0.51

(0.25, 0.77)

 < 0.001+

0.43

(0.18, 0.68)

0.001+

0.32

(0.03, 0.62)

0.033

0.62

 Mean Rigid

3.10 ± 0.77

(n = 51)

2.90 ± 0.78

(n = 62)

2.99 ± 0.78

(n = 113)

2.33 ± 0.59

(n = 23)

2.47 ± 0.58

(n = 38)

2.42 ± 0.58

(n = 61)

0.59

(0.33, 0.85)

 < 0.001+

0.54

(0.28, 0.80)

 < 0.001+

0.35

(0.05, 0.65)

0.024

0.72

 Mean Pragmatic

3.28 ± 0.86

(n = 50)

3.30 ± 0.84

(n = 63)

3.29 ± 0.85

(n = 113)

2.82 ± 0.89

(n = 22)

2.63 ± 0.71

(n = 39)

2.70 ± 0.77

(n = 61)

0.57

(0.35, 0.80)

 < 0.001+

0.49

(0.27, 0.71)

 < 0.001+

0.26

(0.01, 0.51)

0.038

0.80

 Mean total score

3.07 ± 0.74

(n = 48)

3.03 ± 0.70

(n = 61)

3.05 ± 0.72

(n = 109)

2.50 ± 0.63

(n = 21)

2.49 ± 0.63

(n = 38)

2.49 ± 0.62

(n = 59)

0.55

(0.34, 0.77)

 < 0.001+

0.47

(0.26, 0.68)

 < 0.001+

0.28

(0.03, 0.53)

0.026

0.81

EQb

             

 Mean total score

35.88 ± 11.48

(n = 43)

40.61 ± 13.98

(n = 59)

38.62 ± 13.13

(n = 102)

40.45 ± 13.21

(n = 22)

47.89 ± 10.65

(n = 38)

45.17 ± 12.10

(n = 60)

− 6.55

(− 10.65, − 2.45)

0.002+

− 5.55

(− 9.50, − 1.60)

0.006+

− 1.03

(− 5.46, 3.39)

0.645

0.51

FEFA2c

             

 Total score

0.72 ± 0.10

(n = 56)

0.76 ± 0.10

(n = 67)

0.74 ± 0.11

(n = 123)

0.78 ± 0.06

(n = 24)

0.84 ± 0.06

(n = 39)

0.82 ± 0.07

(n = 63)

− 0.08

(− 0.10, − 0.05)

 < 0.001+

− 0.07

(− 0.10, − 0.04)

 < 0.001+

− 0.01

(− 0.04, 0.02)

0.490

0.80

  1. aBAPQ indicates Broader Autism Phenotype Questionnaire
  2. bEQ indicates Empathy Quotient
  3. cFEFA2 indicates Frankfurt Test and Training of Facial Affect Recognition
  4. *p < 0.05; +Significant after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.013 BAPQ; p < 0.006 FEFA; no correction for EQ)
Back to article page

Molecular Autism

ISSN: 2040-2392