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Table 1 Sample characteristics of extremely preterm participants and term-born controls assessed and not assessed at 19 years of age

From: Extremely preterm birth and autistic traits in young adulthood: the EPICure study

Variable

EP assessed

N = 129

EPa not assessed

N = 177

Difference EP assessed vs. not assessed

p valuec

Controls assessed

N = 65

Controlsb not assessed

N = 88

Difference controls assessed vs. not assessed

p valuec

Difference EP vs. controls assessed

p valuec

Characteristics at 19 years

Age at 19 year assessment, years

 Mean (SD)

19.3 (0.6)

–

–

19.2 (0.5)

–

–

0.162

Male Sex

 n/N (%)

61/129 (47.3)

87/177 (49.2)

0.747

25/65 (38.5)

39/88 (44.3)

0.440

0.243

Gestational age, weeks

       

 22 weeks, n/N (%)

2/129 (1.6)

0/177 (0.0)

0.280

–

–

–

–

 23 weeks, n/N (%)

13/129 (10.1)

13/177 (7.3)

 

–

–

–

–

 24 weeks, n/N (%)

37/129 (28.7)

60/177 (33.9)

 

–

–

–

–

 25 weeks, n/N (%)

77/129 (59.7)

104/177 (58.8)

 

–

–

–

–

Birth weight grams

 Mean (SD)

740.8 (121.9)

751.4 (108.9)

0.422

–

–

–

–

Parent SES category at 19 yearsd

       

 Higher professional/managerial n/N (%)

69/125 (55.2)

–

–

39/64 (60.9)

–

–

0.322

 Intermediate occupations n/N (%)

22/125 (17.6)

–

–

15/64 (23.4)

–

–

 

 Routine/manual occupations n/N (%)

22/125 (17.6)

–

–

7/64 (10.9)

–

–

 

 Other n/N (%)

12/125 (9.6)

–

–

3/64 (4.7)

–

–

 

WASI-II FSIQe

Mean (SD)

85.9 (16.7)

(n = 127)

–

–

103.9 (10.2)

(n = 64)

–

–

< 0.001

Cognitive impairment (IQ < 70)

n/N (%)

20/127 (15.8)

–

–

0/64 (0)

–

–

–

Outcome data at 11 years

Parent SES categoryd

       

  Professional/managerial n/N (%)

57/110 (51.8)

21/69 (30.4)

0.002

36/60 (60.0)

41/78 (52.6)

0.789

0.657

 Intermediate occupations n/N (%)

27/110 (24.5)

17/69 (24.6)

 

10/60 (16.7)

13/78 (16.7)

  

 Routine/manual n/N (%)

24/110 (21.8)

22/69 (31.9)

 

13/60 (21.7)

22/78 (28.2)

  

 Other n/N (%)

2/110 (1.8)

9/69 (13.0)

 

1/60 (1.7)

2/78 (2.6)

  

KABC MPCf

Mean (SD)

86.3 (16.2)

(n = 121)

80.8 (19.3)

(n = 95)

0.028

105.7 (11.2)

(n = 65)

102.9 (10.9) (n = 88)

0.111

< 0.001

Cognitive impairment (IQ < 70)

n/N (%)

10/121 (8.3)

19/95 (20.0)

0.012

0/65 (0.0)

0/88 (0.0)

–

0.017

DAWBA Autism Diagnosisg

n/N (%)

10/116 (8.6)

6/84 (7.1)

0.704

0/62 (0.0)

0/81 (0.0)

–

0.017

SCQ total scoreh

Mean (SD)

8.0 (7.8)

(n = 109)

7.1 (6.6)

(n = 73)

0.414

2.5 (2.5)

(n = 58)

3.6 (3.9)

(n = 79)

0.061

< 0.001

  1. aDenominator: N = 306 survivors at 19 years
  2. bDenominator: N = 153 controls assessed at 11 years
  3. cTwo-sided p values were calculated using x [2] test for categorical variables and t test for continuous variables
  4. dSES Socio-economic category classified using UK Office for National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification System: (1) high: higher managerial, administrative and professional occupation; (2) medium: intermediate occupation; (3) low: routine and manual occupation; and (4) other. For participants with missing SES data at 19 years, data collected at 11 years of age were used to minimise data loss
  5. eWASI-II FSIQ indicates Full-Scale IQ from the Wechsler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale, 2nd Edition. fKABC MPC indicates Kaufman-Assessment Battery for Children, Mental Processing Composite
  6. gDAWBA indicates the Development and Well-Being Assessment
  7. hSCQ indicates Social Communication Questionnaire
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Molecular Autism

ISSN: 2040-2392