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Table 3 Whole-brain parametric effects of increasing mentalizing demands on brain activation

From: Social brain activation during mentalizing in a large autism cohort: the Longitudinal European Autism Project

Effect/contrast

Sample

k

Region

x

y

z

t

pcorr

Within-subject effects

 Effect of task

  Mentalizing demands: parametric increase

Full

3036

Superior temporal gyrus

57

− 46

11

28.69

< .001

 

Middle occipital gyrus [area hOc4lp]

27

− 91

2

24.99

< .001

 

Superior temporal gyrus

48

− 22

− 7

22.04

< .001

 

Inferior temporal gyrus [area FG4]

42

− 52

− 13

21.25

< .001

 

Temporal pole

54

14

− 19

16.71

< .001

4251

Middle temporal gyrus

− 54

− 52

14

26.84

< .001

 

Middle occipital gyrus [area hOc4lp]

− 27

− 91

− 4

23.03

< .001

 

Fusiform gyrus [area FG4]

− 39

− 55

− 10

21.55

< .001

 

Cerebellum [lobule VIIa crusI (hem)]

− 24

− 76

− 34

16.49

< .001

 

Inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis

− 51

20

20

16.40

< .001

1115

Precuneus

6

− 52

38

18.85

< .001

868

Inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis [area 45]

51

26

17

14.96

< .001

 

Precentral gyrus

45

5

50

12.57

< .001

925

Dorsomedial prefrontal gyrus

− 6

53

32

13.98

< .001

 

Supplementary motor area

9

17

65

10.82

< .001

56

Cerebellum [lobule IX (hem)]

− 6

− 52

− 40

11.02

< .001

553

Thalamus [thalamus: prefrontal]

9

− 13

8

9.46

< .001

27

Cerebellum vermis [lobule I IV (hem)]

0

− 46

− 16

6.06

< .001

6

Middle cingulate cortex

0

− 16

41

5.44

.001

2

Middle frontal gyrus

− 24

23

44

4.60

.025

Between-subject effects

 Effect of age

  Age: linear decrease

Full

12

Medial temporal pole

51

2

− 19

5.04

.004

  Age: linear decrease

Youth

249

Superior parietal lobule [area 7P (SPL)]

− 27

− 58

56

6.37

.000

207

Superior parietal lobule [area 7P (SPL)]

18

− 67

53

5.75

.000

 

Precuneus

− 6

− 76

44

5.45

.001

 

Superior parietal lobule [area 7A (SPL)]

18

− 58

62

5.30

.002

35

Inferior parietal lobule [area hIP1 (IPS)]

− 36

− 40

38

5.14

.004

 

Inferior parietal lobule [area PFt (IPL)]

− 48

− 34

41

4.78

.017

35

Inferior parietal lobule [area 2]

48

− 34

47

5.01

.007

13

Middle cingulate gyrus

6

26

38

4.85

.013

 

Anterior cingulate gyrus

6

32

26

4.60

.034

20

Superior frontal gyrus

24

− 1

47

4.83

.014

11

Anterior insula

30

20

− 4

4.77

.017

5

Supramarginal gyrus (area PFt (IPL)]

63

− 22

35

4.72

.021

8

Inferior parietal lobule [area 7PC (SPL)]

33

− 46

53

4.72

.021

2

Middle frontal gyrus

45

38

20

4.60

.034

1

Postcentral gyrus [area 4p]

33

− 31

50

4.57

.037

 Effect of diagnosis (categorical)

 

No sign. effect

 

 Effect of parent-reported autism traits (dimensional)

     

  Linear increase

Full (no TD adult1)

4

Inferior parietal lobule [area PFm (IPL)]

54

− 55

38

4.82

.021

10SVC

dmPFC (combined mask)

3

62

23

3.88

.011SVC

15SVC

dmPFC (combined mask)

− 9

53

38

3.49

.035SVC

  Linear increase

Youth

23SVC

dmPFC (combined mask)

3

56

26

3.77

.016SVC

8SVC

dmPFC (combined mask)

− 15

50

35

3.43

.046SVC

  1. Regions were classified according to the Automated Anatomical Labeling Atlas [47]. If applicable, functional labels were added in square brackets based on Anatomical Probability Maps (Anatomy toolbox [48]). x-, y-, and z-coordinates (MNI) and statistical information refer to peak voxels in the identified clusters. p values are adjusted for family-wise error correction for multiple comparisons across the whole brain, or across the combined mask of the right pSTS and dmPFC using small volume correction (SVC). Age and sex were included as covariates in the analysis. SPL superior parietal lobule, IPS intraparietal sulcus, IPL inferior parietal lobule, TD typically developing, pSTS posterior superior temporal sulcus, dmPFC dorsomedial prefrontal cortex
  2. 1 no parent-reported SRS-scores available for TD adults
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Molecular Autism

ISSN: 2040-2392