Does decreased visual attention to faces underlie difficulties interpreting eye gaze cues in autism?

Table 3 Parameter estimates for models evaluating group differences in each task

	b/OR	SE	t	Lower CI	Upper CI	p
Gaze following task
Model 1 (main effect on DVs)
Task performance (group)	0.50	0.13	− 2.71	0.31	0.83	0.01
Face fixation (group)	− 0.19	0.18	− 1.07	− 0.55	0.16	0.29
Target object fixation (group)	− 0.05	0.09	− 0.63	− 0.22	0.11	0.53
Model 2 (fixation predicting accuracy)
Stimulus fixation	1.19	0.07	3.07	1.07	1.33	0.002
Stimulus fixation × group	1.02	0.09	0.16	0.84	1.22	0.87
Model 3 (fixation predicting accuracy)
Face fixation	1.04	0.07	0.54	0.90	1.19	0.58
Face fixation × group	1.16	0.11	2.25	0.96	1.39	0.12
Model 4 (fixation predicting accuracy)
Target object fixation	10.14	2.62	8.96	6.11	16.82	< 0.001
Target object fixation × group	2.12	1.04	1.53	0.81	5.56	0.13
Gaze perception task
Model 1 (main effect on DVs)
Task performance (group)	0.39	0.10	− 3.51	0.23	0.66	< 0.001
Face fixation (group)	− 0.05	0.08	− 0.61	− 0.21	0.11	0.55
Target object fixation (group)	− 0.06	0.04	− 1.35	− 0.15	0.03	0.18
Model 2 (fixation predicting accuracy)
Stimulus fixation	1.04	0.11	0.33	0.84	1.28	0.74
Stimulus fixation × group	1.23	0.24	1.07	0.84	1.80	0.27
Model 3 (fixation predicting accuracy)
Face fixation	0.92	0.10	− 0.71	0.74	1.15	0.48
Face fixation × group	1.49	0.27	2.2	1.04	2.14	0.03
TD main effect	0.77	.13	− 1.58	0.55	1.07	0.11
ASD main effect	1.02	.15	.17	0.77	1.36	0.87
Model 4 (fixation predicting accuracy)
Target object fixation	1.95	0.32	4.06	1.41	2.69	< .001
Target object fixation × group	0.23	0.08	− 4.23	0.12	0.46	< .001
TD main effect	8.24	2.96	5.87	4.08	16.7	< .001
ASD main effect	1.1	0.21	0.48	0.76	1.59	0.63

Note. TD is reference group, OR odds ratio, DV dependent variable, CI 95% Confidence Interval

ISSN: 2040-2392