Fig. 1

A framework of experimental design and power considerations for culturing stem cell models. a Reproducibility can be determined by cell counts, immunocytochemistry, and more recently, single-cell and bulk sequencing. b Accuracy of the model can be determined by immunocytochemistry, by single-cell sequencing, and by using tools such as Transition Mapping [41]. c Cell proportion can be determined by single-cell sequencing, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry. d Biological process and region of the brain being modeled can be determined by identifying cell populations using single-cell sequencing and immunocytochemistry as well as by using Transition Mapping [41]. e Power can be determined using dedicated tools such as iPSCpoweR [180]. Image of brain adapted from Servier Medical art by Servier under Creative Commons License 3.0 (smart.servier.com)