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Table 5 Twin model associations between subcortical volumes of subcortical regions of interest (ROIs) and RRBI symptoms

From: Sex differences in brain structure: a twin study on restricted and repetitive behaviors in twin pairs with and without autism

ROIs subcortical

Volume males β (SD)

q

Volume females β (SD)

q

ROIs cerebellum

Volume males β (SD)

q

Volume females β (SD)

q

Left thalamus proper

64.88

 27.35

Left cerebellum white

4.42

 64.51

(58.12)

(48.61)

(160.07)

(110.1)

0.661

0.738

0.978

0.5587

Left caudate

9.08

 55.08

Left cerebellum cortex

 719.02

 256.43

(40.75)

(40.32)

447.

(283.8)

0.915

0.738

0.215

0.559

Left putamen

 13.98

 13.37

Right cerebellum white

9.13

 85.27

(35.49)

(25.49)

(101.93)

(102.54)

0.915

0.738

0.978

0.559

Left pallidum

19.66

 5.64

Right cerebellum cortex

 664.7

 282.66

(9.52)

(12.84)

(294.83)

(341.24)

0.194

0.738

0.105

0.559

Left amygdala

0.07

8.96

Somato motor

18.74

7.23

(9.5)

(24.15)

(8.89)

(12.37)

0.994

0.738

0.105

0.559

Right thalamus proper

25.28

 31.66

Somato motor white

11.76

8.33

(37.31)

(32.66)

(10.92)

(12.29)

0.830

0.738

0.422

0.559

Right caudate

 37.03

 36.45

   

(47.76)

(39.31)

   

0.830

0.738

   

Right putamen

62.72

 23.84

   

(45.87)

(22.52)

   

0.572

0.738

   

Right pallidum

29.47

 6.45

   

(13.06)

(19.29)

   

0.194

0.738

   

Right amygdala

4.99

 13.25

   

(19.11)

(16.92)

   

0.915

0.738

   
  1. Estimates (B), standard deviations (SD), and q values (q) for the within-pair associations between all surface-based subcortical volumes and repetitive behavior symptoms, as assessed by the ADI-R C. For the whole group associations, sex was added as a covariate. A positive estimate indicates an increase in brain estimate related to more repetitive behavior symptoms. Bold text indicates significant associations (FDR-corrected q value < 0.05), while bold and grey text indicate associations with q value < 0.10 (FDR-corrected)