Fig. 4

Forest plots showing the effect sizes (Hedge’s g) from each study and its standard error as the error bars of the points. Different colours/shapes represent the different age categories (red/circle—bellow or equal to 13; green/triangle—between 13 and 19; blue/square—older than 19) and the graph is split by paradigm. Solid line represents no effect; positive effect sizes represent instances where ASD participants performed worse than NT; dot-dashed line represents the effect sizes extracted from the initial model. a Reaction time data (g = 0.384), b eye-tracking data (g = 0.917) and c EEG data (g = 0.642)