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Table 2 Bivariate correlations among neurocognitive and symptom measures

From: Specificity of executive function and theory of mind performance in relation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in autism spectrum disorders

 

EF measures

ToM measures

ADHD measures

ASD measures

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

Card sort task (1)

–

                

Luria Hand Game (2)

.28**

(.05)

–

               

Trail making (3)

.36***

(.12)

.26*

(.11)

–

              

Opposite Worlds (4)

.31**

(.08)

.17

(.03)

.38***

(.28**)

–

             

Numbers (5)

.51***

(.21*)

.35***

(.18†)

.47***

(.21**)

.37***

(− .20†)

–

            

Planning/drawing (6)

.36***

(.21*)

.20†

(.08)

.17

(.05)

.18†

(.06)

.17†

(− .02)

–

           

Animated triangle (7)

.33**

(.12)

.10

(.01)

.02

(− .13)

.14

(− .003)

.28**

(.06)

.002

(− .13)

–

          

Penny hiding game (8)

.27**

(.06)

.45***

(.36***)

.17

(.04)

.26*

(.15)

.30**

(.12)

.14

(.02)

.37***

(.32**)

–

         

RME (9)

.22*

(− .19†)

.39***

(.25*)

.25*

(.04)

.21*

(.01)

.39***

(.11)

.06

(− .10)

.41***

(.25*)

.47***

(.37***)

–

        

Strange stories (10)

.29**

(− .07)

.22*

(.07)

.18

(− .07)

.23*

(.04)

.37***

(.07)

.25*

(.14)

.20†

(− .04)

.29**

(.12)

.29**

(− .003)

–

       

False belief (11)

.63***

(.30**)

.53***

(.30**)

.32**

(− .01)

.25*

(− .05)

.46***

(.05)

.27**

(.06)

.31**

(.02)

.54***

(.44***)

.45***

(.11)

.43***

(.08)

–

      

pPONS ADHD (12)

.16

(.06)

.10

(.05)

.21†

(.16)

.23*

(.18)

.26*

(.19†)

.21†

(.17)

.10

(.04)

.24*

(.20†)

.11

(.02)

.01

(− .09)

.03

(− .13)

–

     

pDSM ADHD (13)

.27*

(.19)

.16

(.10)

.20

(.14)

.19

(.15)

.25*

(.19)

.30**

(.26*)

.08

(.03)

.10

(.04)

.09

(− .01)

.09

(− .005)

.13

(− .06)

.55***

(.54***)

–

    

pSDQ ADHD (14)

.17

(.05)

.22*

(.17)

.31**

(.24*)

.21*

(.15)

.28**

(.20†)

.14

(.08)

.12

(.01)

.19†

(.12)

.25*

(.16)

.08

(− .04)

.08

(− .10)

.56***

(.54***)

.46***

(.44***)

–

   

tSDQ ADHD (15)

.24*

(.20†)

.28*

(.24*)

.13

(.06)

.11

(.04)

.31**

(.33**)

.14

(.09)

.12

(.05)

.30**

(.27*)

.14

(.05)

− .14

(− .26*)

.22*

(.16)

.41***

(.39***)

.50***

(.48***)

.38***

(.36**)

–

  

pADI-R (16)

.18†

(.10)

.19†

(.14)

− .03

(− .16)

− .05

(− .14)

.05

(−.05)

.14

(.10)

.29**

(.25*)

.31**

(.26*)

.03

(− .07)

.08

(.03)

.28**

(.24*)

.16

(.14)

.35**

(.33**)

.22*

(.17)

.25*

(.23*)

–

 

ADOS (17)

.17†

(.05)

.27**

(.20*)

.05

(− .05)

− .02

(− .13)

.11

(−.02)

.19†

(.12)

.38***

(.29**)

.42***

(.37***)

.33**

(.29**)

.29**

(.26*)

.36**

(.24*)

− .01

(− .06)

− .17

(− .21†)

− .02

(− .09)

.14

(.12)

.34***

(.33**)

–

pSRS (18)

.17

(− .04)

.28**

(.20†)

.27*

(.11)

.14

(.03)

.18

(.007)

.12

(.01)

.15

(.03)

.25*

(.16)

.29**

(.15)

.20†

(.06)

.20†

(.05)

.50***

(.48***)

.36**

(.32**)

.38***

(.33**)

.09

(.05)

.43***

(.40***)

.15

(.07)

  1. Notes. Bivariate correlation coefficients are presented, with uncorrected p values for multiple comparisons. The coefficients in brackets are partialled for FSIQ. The prefix p on the measures indicates parent reports whereas the prefix t indicates a teacher report
  2. Abbreviations of neurocognitive measures: EF executive function, ToM Theory of Mind, RME Reading the Mind in the Eye Tasks. Abbreviations for ASD or ADHD measures: ADOS Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Total Score, ADI-R Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, SRS Social Responsiveness Scale, DSM ADHD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ADHD symptom numbers, SDQ ADHD Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire ADHD domain, PONS ADHD Profile of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ADHD domain
  3. Significant levels †p < .1, *p < .05, **p < .01, and ***p < .001
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Molecular Autism

ISSN: 2040-2392