Fig. 2

Time-lapse imaging of migration of mRbfox1-iso2-deficient neurons. Analyses were repeated three times for each case, and the migration pattern was observed for 10 cells in each imaging. Representative results were shown in a–d and f. a Confocal images of cortical slices at the beginning of time-lapse imaging. E14.5 cortices were coelectroporated in utero with pCAG-EGFP together with pSuper control vector or pSuper-mRbfox1-iso2 (iso2), followed by coronal section slice preparation at E16.5 and time-lapse imaging (Additional file 1: Video 1 and Additional file 2: Video 2 for control and iso2, respectively). Note that there were no differences in transfection efficiency between the experiments. Bars in a–d, 20 μm. b Time-lapse imaging of control and mRbfox1-iso2-deficient neurons (iso2) at the IZ-CP boundary. Magnified images were depicted from Additional file 1: Video 1 (control) and 2 (iso2). c Tracing of control or the deficient neurons (iso2) in b. Migratory tracks of four representative cells were traced and shown as color lines. d Time-lapse imaging of control and the deficient neurons migrating in CP (Additional file 3: Video 3 and Additional file 4: Video 4 for control and iso2, respectively). e Calculation of migration velocity of control and the deficient neurons in middle-upper CP. Ten cells were analyzed in each experiment (n = 3). Error bars indicate SD; **p < 0.01 by Student’s t test. f pCAG-EGFP was electroporated with pCAG-PACKmKO1 together with pSuper control vector or pSuper-mRbfox1-iso2 (iso2) into cerebral cortices at E14.5. Coronal sections were prepared at E17.5 and immunostained with anti-GFP. Centrosome (red) and nuclei (blue) were also visualized. Representative images of migrating neurons in the lower CP were shown. Bar, 5 μm. g Quantification of the length of leading process of control and the deficient neurons (iso2) in f. Numbers of cells used for calculation in g and h are 100 in each brain (n = 3). Error bars indicate SD. h Distance between centrosome and the top of nucleus was measured for control and the deficient (iso2) cells. Electroporation was done as in f. Error bars indicate SD; **p < 0.01 by Student’s t test