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Table 1 Articles selected for review

From: Measuring autistic traits in the general population: a systematic review of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) in a nonclinical population sample of 6,900 typical adult males and females

 

Nonclinical sample

Autism spectrum cases

 

Males

Females

Overall

Range

N (Females)

Males

Females

Overall

Range

N (Females)

AQ m (SD)

AQ m (SD)

AQ m (SD) a

AQ m (SD)

AQ m (SD)

AQ m (SD) a

[5]

17.8 (6.8)

15.4 (5.7)

16.4 (6.3)

 

174 (98)

35.1 (6.9)

38.1 (4.4)

35.8 (6.5)

 

58 (13)

[22]

  

15.9 (7.4)

 

16 (2)

  

37.5 (9.9)

 

16 (2)

[23]

  

15 (6)

6 to 30

20 (2)

  

38 (5)

28 to 46

21 (2)

[24]

  

14 (5.4)

6 to 26

22 (4)

  

38.5 (7.8)

16 to 49

22 (5)

[25]

  

16.65 (6.81)

 

24 (12)

  

34.63 (7.08)

 

16 (6)

[26]

  

16.5 (6.38)

 

30 (7)

  

33.93 (7.89)

 

30 (7)

[27]

  

14.9 (8.58)

 

21 (5)

  

37.1 (6.21)

 

21 (5)

[28]

  

11.6 (5)

 

12 (6)

  

36.7 (6)

 

12 (6)

[29]

  

12.53 (5.78)

 

18 (8)

  

35.28 (5.78)

 

18 (8)

[30]

  

14.64 (7.46)

 

28 (14)

  

34.93 (6.9)

 

28 (14)

[31]

  

17.33 (8.79)

2 to 42

22 (4)

  

35.86 (8.23)

17 to 48

21 (4)

[32]

18.81 (7.8)

17.21 (6.22)

  

35 (19)

     

[33]

  

15.3 (6.1)

 

12 (NA)

  

30.6 (9.7)

 

12 (NA)

[34]

  

14.86 (4.03)

 

24 (12)

     

[35]

  

13.13 (5.46)

6 to 29

23 (6)

  

34.39 (7.65)

21 to 46

23 (7)

[17]

17.7 (6.9)

13.1 (6.3)

  

988 (644)

     

[36]

  

14.12 (5.78)

 

127 (84)

     

[37]

  

15.8 (7.2)

 

19 (NA)

  

36.1 (8.7)

 

18 (NA)

[38]

19 (6.25)

12.15 (4.16)

15.13 (6.12)

 

23 (13)

     

[39]

  

14 (4.74)

 

17 (10)

     

[40]

  

15.8 (6.35)

 

19 (13)

     

[41]

  

16 (7)

2 to 33

91 (53)

     

[42]

  

19.64 (7.84)

 

15 (4)

  

37.06 (8.47)

 

16 (4)

[43]

  

16.72 (7.44)

 

18 (5)

     

[44]

19 (7.87)

17.36 (7.99)

 

2 to 45

838 (509)

37.8 (7.8)

39.8 (6.0)

 

8 to 50

449 (209)

[45]

  

15.4 (5.9)

 

19 (3)

  

27.6 (5.7)

 

14 (2)

[46]

  

13.7 (7.43)

 

32 (16)

  

36.9 (7.05)

 

29 (14)

[47]

  

13.7 (7.7)

 

30 (15)

  

36.8 (7.1)

 

28 (13)

[48]

11.7 (5.4)

10.4 (4.2)

  

53 (25)

28 (9.4)

31.9 (7.9)

  

50 (24)

[49]

  

15 (5.63)

 

13 (7)

  

31.82 (9.59)

 

14 (4)

[50]

  

13.67 (2.76)

 

18 (6)

  

34.39 (5.26)

 

18 (6)

[51]

  

14.05 (6.19)

3 to 29

38 (4)

     

[52]

  

14.61 (0.84)

 

35 (22)

     

[53]

  

13.8 (5.9)

 

16 (3)

     

[54]

  

14.1 (5.7)

 

96 (96)

     

[55]

  

16.5 (1)

 

32 (16)

     

[56]

  

14.55 (5.44)

 

29 (8)

     

[57]

  

19.1 (7.03)

 

706 (445)

     
   

18.6 (6.04)

 

452 (229)

     

[58]

  

16.8 (7.6)

7 to 33

16 (12)

     

[59]

  

11.9 (4.5)

3 to 21

32 (3)

  

29.4 (7)

16 to 44

32 (2)

[60]

  

15.1 (5.8)

5 to 28

47 (18)

  

35.8 (5.9)

22 to 46

38 (38)

[61]

  

14.05 (5.8)

 

129 (83)

  

36.04 (7.13)

 

104 (46)

[62]

  

16.4 (6.11)

 

15 (9)

  

29.44 (8.6)

 

13 (4)

[63]

  

17.88 (8.21)

 

16 (4)

  

33.13 (10.09)

 

16 (1)

[64]

  

13.72 (5.67)

 

18 (5)

  

34.67 (6.89)

 

18 (5)

[65]

  

19 (7.1)

 

600 (383)

 

[66]

  

13.6 (7.86)

4 to 37

25 (25)

  

36.6 (6.53)

22 to 49

25 (4)

[67]

  

16.69 (5.69)

7 to 31

36 (18)

     

[68]

  

14.86 (6.22)

3 to 37

216 (NA)

     

[69]

  

16.3 (7.7)

 

342 (79)

  

35.32 (7.69)

 

223 (155)

[70]

15.6 (6.9)

12 (4.8)

  

60 (30)

32.7 (7.3)

37.5 (6.7)

  

60 (30)

[71]

  

12.11 (5.03)

 

28 (7)

  

34.15 (8.61)

 

27 (6)

[72]

  

16 (5.1)

5 to 28

67 (52)

     

[73]

  

13 (5)

 

18 (6)

  

34 (10)

 

18 (9)

[74]

  

18.1 (7.5)

 

228 (149)

  

36 (7.6)

 

209 (122)

[75]

  

15.6 (6)

 

18 (12)

     

[76]

  

14.6 (5)

 

18 (2)

  

30.4 (4.6)

 

16 (3)

[77]

  

13.09 (5.79)

 

22 (13)

     

[78]

  

20 (9.7)

 

119 (60)

  

36.4 (7.3)

 

70 (30)

[79]

  

13.03 (5.85)

2 to 26

31 (17)

     

[80]

  

17 (7)

5 to 33

15 (10)

     

[81]

  

17.41 (6.89)

 

163 (91)

     

[82]

  

13.2 (6.1)

 

31 (3)

  

29.5 (7.5)

 

39 (3)

[83]

18.26 (4.49)

16.95 (4.67)

17.61 (4.57)

 

38 (19)

     

[84]

  

12.52 (5.41)

 

29 (7)

  

34.44 (8.78)

 

27 (6)

[85]

  

12.26 (5.45)

3 to 21

19 (4)

  

35.16 (7.59)

21 to 45

19 (4)

[86]

  

13.8 (5.7)

 

17 (6)

  

37.3 (9.9)

 

14 (7)

[87]

  

19.57 (7.48)

 

134 (NA)

     

[88]

  

15.65 (1.59)

 

20 (10)

     
   

16.5 (1.26)

 

20 (10)

     
   

18.45 (1.48)

 

20 (10)

     
   

15.15 (0.83)

 

26 (13)

     
   

15.85 (1.26)

 

26 (13)

     

[89]

11.43 (4.2)

14.2 (4.5)

12.58 (4.36)

7 to 20

12 (5)

40.13 (6.77)

42.5 (4.42)

41.14 (5.8)

 

14 (6)

[90]

15 (6)

14 (5)

  

29 (16)

38 (13)

39 (13)

  

30 (16)

[91]

  

17.2 (5.2)

 

12 (4)

     

[92]

  

15.24 (6.37)

 

17 (3)

  

35.59 (9.17)

 

17 (3)

  1. Studies ordered chronologically; blank cells indicate data not reported (or for patients, AQ not administered to individuals with an autism spectrum condition). Overall AQ meana refers to combined male and female score.