Table 2 Autistic impairments and neurobehavioral characteristics

Autistic behavioral domains and autism diagnosis^a

ADI–R

 Abnormalities of development evident at or before age 36 months (cutoff = 1)

5

4

 Nonverbal communication (cutoff = 7)

14

12

 Reciprocal social interaction (cutoff = 10)

26

23

 Repetitive behaviors and stereotyped patterns (cutoff = 3)

9

9

ADOS (module 1)

 Communication (cutoff = 4)

5

5

 Reciprocal social interaction (cutoff = 7)

13

8

 Communication + social interaction total (cutoff = 12)

18

13

 Play

3

1

 Repetitive behaviors and stereotyped patterns

5

4

Expressive behaviors

 Verbal language

None (total absence of words)

None (total absence of words)

 Self-injurious behaviors

Ear-slapping, hand-biting

Self-scratching until bleeding, elbow-banging