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  1. Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are a group of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by impairments in communication and social interaction, alongside unusually repetitive behaviors and narrow interests...

    Authors: Agnese Di Napoli, Varun Warrier, Simon Baron-Cohen and Bhismadev Chakrabarti
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:48
  2. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical scan paths during social interaction and when viewing faces, and recent evidence suggests that they also show abnormal saccadic eye movement dynami...

    Authors: Lauren M Schmitt, Edwin H Cook, John A Sweeney and Matthew W Mosconi
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:47
  3. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are much more common in males than in females. Molecular alterations within the estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathway may contribute to the sex difference in ASD, but the ext...

    Authors: Amanda Crider, Roshni Thakkar, Anthony O Ahmed and Anilkumar Pillai
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:46
  4. Although the neurobiological basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not fully understood, recent studies have indicated the potential role of GABAA receptors in the pathophysiology of ASD. GABAA receptors pla...

    Authors: Amanda Crider, Chirayu D Pandya, Diya Peter, Anthony O Ahmed and Anilkumar Pillai
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:45
  5. Duplications of the chromosome 15q11-q13.1 region are associated with an estimated 1 to 3% of all autism cases, making this copy number variation (CNV) one of the most frequent chromosome abnormalities associa...

    Authors: Noelle D Germain, Pin-Fang Chen, Alex M Plocik, Heather Glatt-Deeley, Judith Brown, James J Fink, Kaitlyn A Bolduc, Tiwanna M Robinson, Eric S Levine, Lawrence T Reiter, Brenton R Graveley, Marc Lalande and Stormy J Chamberlain
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:44
  6. Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have low brain serotonin concentrations as reflected by the serotonin end-metabolite 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

    Authors: Dea Adamsen, Vincent Ramaekers, Horace TB Ho, Corinne Britschgi, Véronique Rüfenacht, David Meili, Elise Bobrowski, Paule Philippe, Caroline Nava, Lionel Van Maldergem, Rémy Bruggmann, Susanne Walitza, Joanne Wang, Edna Grünblatt and Beat Thöny
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:43
  7. Empathy is a vital component for social understanding involving the ability to recognise emotion (cognitive empathy) and provide an appropriate affective response (emotional empathy). Autism spectrum condition...

    Authors: Rachel Grove, Andrew Baillie, Carrie Allison, Simon Baron-Cohen and Rosa A Hoekstra
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:42
  8. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired language, communication and social skills. Although genetic studies have been carried out in this field, none of the genes identified have led ...

    Authors: Jantine AC Broek, Paul C Guest, Hassan Rahmoune and Sabine Bahn
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:41
  9. As regulators of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the transcriptional networks of the developing human brain. Circulating miRNAs in the serum and plasma are remarkably stable and are sugg...

    Authors: Mahesh Mundalil Vasu, Ayyappan Anitha, Ismail Thanseem, Katsuaki Suzuki, Kohei Yamada, Taro Takahashi, Tomoyasu Wakuda, Keiko Iwata, Masatsugu Tsujii, Toshirou Sugiyama and Norio Mori
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:40
  10. Over the last decade, the transgenic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) NR1-knockdown mouse (NR1neo−/−) has been investigated as a glutamate hypofunction model for schizophrenia. Recent research has now reveal...

    Authors: Hendrik Wesseling, Paul C Guest, Chi-Ming Lee, Erik HF Wong, Hassan Rahmoune and Sabine Bahn
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:38
  11. It is widely accepted that emotion processing difficulties are involved in Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC). An increasing number of studies have focused on the development of training programs and have shown ...

    Authors: Sylvie Serret, Stephanie Hun, Galina Iakimova, Jose Lozada, Margarita Anastassova, Andreia Santos, Stephanie Vesperini and Florence Askenazy
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:37
  12. GABRB3 is a position candidate gene at chromosome 15q12 that has been implicated in the neurobiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The aim of this study was to examine the genetic association of GABRB3 with...

    Authors: Chia-Hsiang Chen, Chia-Chun Huang, Min-Chih Cheng, Yen-Nan Chiu, Wen-Che Tsai, Yu-Yu Wu, Shih-Kai Liu and Susan Shur-Fen Gau
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:36
  13. Autism spectrum traits are postulated to lie on a continuum that extends between individuals with autism and individuals with typical development (TD). Social cognition properties that are deeply associated wi...

    Authors: Minyoung Jung, Hirotaka Kosaka, Daisuke N Saito, Makoto Ishitobi, Tomoyo Morita, Keisuke Inohara, Mizuki Asano, Sumiyoshi Arai, Toshio Munesue, Akemi Tomoda, Yuji Wada, Norihiro Sadato, Hidehiko Okazawa and Tetsuya Iidaka
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:35
  14. There is an urgent need for expanding and enhancing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) samples, in order to better understand causes of ASD.

    Authors: Joseph D Buxbaum, Nadia Bolshakova, Jessica M Brownfeld, Richard JL Anney, Patrick Bender, Raphael Bernier, Edwin H Cook, Hilary Coon, Michael Cuccaro, Christine M Freitag, Joachim Hallmayer, Daniel Geschwind, Sabine M Klauck, John I Nurnberger, Guiomar Oliveira, Dalila Pinto…
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:34
  15. Changes in serotonin transporter (SERT) function have been implicated in autism. SERT function is influenced by the number of transporter molecules present at the cell surface, which is regulated by various ce...

    Authors: Keiko Iwata, Hideo Matsuzaki, Taro Tachibana, Koji Ohno, Saori Yoshimura, Hironori Takamura, Kohei Yamada, Shinsuke Matsuzaki, Kazuhiko Nakamura, Kenji J Tsuchiya, Kaori Matsumoto, Masatsugu Tsujii, Toshirou Sugiyama, Taiichi Katayama and Norio Mori
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:33
  16. As elegant structures designed for neural communication, synapses are the building bricks of our mental functions. Recently, many studies have pointed out that synaptic protein-associated mutations may lead to...

    Authors: Li-Feng Jiang-Xie, Hsiao-Mei Liao, Chia-Hsiang Chen, Yuh-Tarng Chen, Shih-Yin Ho, Dai-Hua Lu, Li-Jen Lee, Horng-Huei Liou, Wen-Mei Fu and Susan Shur-Fen Gau
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:32
  17. Whole-exome sequencing studies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have identified de novo mutations in novel candidate genes, including the synaptic gene Eighty-five Requiring 3A (EFR3A). EFR3A is a critical compo...

    Authors: Abha R Gupta, Michelle Pirruccello, Feng Cheng, Hyo Jung Kang, Thomas V Fernandez, Jeremy M Baskin, Murim Choi, Li Liu, Adife Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek, John D Murdoch, Lambertus Klei, Benjamin M Neale, Daniel Franjic, Mark J Daly, Richard P Lifton, Pietro De Camilli…
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:31
  18. Considerable clinical heterogeneity has been well documented amongst individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, little is known about the biological mechanisms underlying phenotypic diversity. ...

    Authors: Xiaoming Wang, Qiong Xu, Alexandra L Bey, Yoonji Lee and Yong-hui Jiang
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:30
  19. Questionnaire-based studies suggest atypical sensory perception in over 90% of individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). Sensory questionnaire-based studies in ASC mainly record parental reports of th...

    Authors: Teresa Tavassoli, Rosa A Hoekstra and Simon Baron-Cohen
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:29
  20. Validating the potential pathogenicity of copy number variants (CNVs) identified in genome-wide studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) requires detailed assessment of case/control frequencies, inheritance ...

    Authors: Catarina T Correia, Inês C Conceição, Bárbara Oliveira, Joana Coelho, Inês Sousa, Ana F Sequeira, Joana Almeida, Cátia Café, Frederico Duque, Susana Mouga, Wendy Roberts, Kun Gao, Jennifer K Lowe, Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram, Susan Walker, Christian R Marshall…
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:28
  21. Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are a group of developmental conditions which affect communication, social interactions and behaviour. Mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction has been suggested as a mechanism of ...

    Authors: Jaroslava Durdiaková, Varun Warrier, Simon Baron-Cohen and Bhismadev Chakrabarti
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:25
  22. Advanced paternal age is robustly associated with several human neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly autism. The precise mechanism(s) mediating the paternal age effect are not known, but they are thought t...

    Authors: Rebecca G Smith, Cathy Fernandes, Rachel Kember, Leonard C Schalkwyk, Joseph Buxbaum, Abraham Reichenberg and Jonathan Mill
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:24
  23. People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are known to have enhanced auditory perception, however, acoustic startle response to weak stimuli has not been well documented in this population. The objectives of...

    Authors: Hidetoshi Takahashi, Takayuki Nakahachi, Sahoko Komatsu, Kazuo Ogino, Yukako Iida and Yoko Kamio
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:23
  24. De novo loss-of-function (dnLoF) mutations are found twofold more often in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) probands than their unaffected siblings. Multiple independent dnLoF mutations in the same gene implicate t...

    Authors: Li Liu, Jing Lei, Stephan J Sanders, Arthur Jeremy Willsey, Yan Kou, Abdullah Ercument Cicek, Lambertus Klei, Cong Lu, Xin He, Mingfeng Li, Rebecca A Muhle, Avi Ma’ayan, James P Noonan, Nenad Å estan, Kathryn A McFadden, Matthew W State…
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:22
  25. The 39,XY*O mouse, which lacks the orthologues of the ADHD and autism candidate genes STS (steroid sulphatase) and ASMT (acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase), exhibits behavioural phenotypes relevant to developme...

    Authors: Simon Trent, Jonathan P Fry, Obah A Ojarikre and William Davies
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:21
  26. Many individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have difficulty with verbal communication, which might be due to a lack of spontaneous orientation toward social auditory stimuli. Previous studies have sh...

    Authors: I-Fan Lin, Makio Kashino, Haruhisa Ohta, Takashi Yamada, Masayuki Tani, Hiromi Watanabe, Chieko Kanai, Taisei Ohno, Yuko Takayama, Akira Iwanami and Nobumasa Kato
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:20
  27. Social-communication abilities are heritable traits, and their impairments overlap with the autism continuum. To characterise the genetic architecture of social-communication difficulties developmentally and i...

    Authors: Beate St Pourcain, David H Skuse, William P Mandy, Kai Wang, Hakon Hakonarson, Nicholas J Timpson, David M Evans, John P Kemp, Susan M Ring, Wendy L McArdle, Jean Golding and George Davey Smith
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:18
  28. While most neuropathologic studies focus on regions involved in behavioral abnormalities in autism, it is also important to identify whether areas that appear functionally normal are devoid of pathologic alter...

    Authors: Neha Uppal, Isabella Gianatiempo, Bridget Wicinski, James Schmeidler, Helmut Heinsen, Christoph Schmitz, Joseph D Buxbaum and Patrick R Hof
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:17
  29. Fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis are genetic syndromes that both have a high rate of comorbidity with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several lines of evidence suggest that these two monogenic disorde...

    Authors: Sek Won Kong, Mustafa Sahin, Christin D Collins, Mary H Wertz, Malcolm G Campbell, Jarrett D Leech, Dilja Krueger, Mark F Bear, Louis M Kunkel and Isaac S Kohane
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:16
  30. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show unusual social behaviors and repetitive behaviors. Some of these behaviors, e.g., time spent in an area or turning rate/direction, can be automatically tracked...

    Authors: Ira L Cohen, Judith M Gardner, Bernard Z Karmel and Soh-Yule Kim
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:15
  31. Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are a group of conditions characterized by difficulties in communication and social interaction, alongside unusually narrow interests and repetitive, stereotyped behaviour. Gen...

    Authors: Jaroslava Durdiaková, Varun Warrier, Sharmila Banerjee-Basu, Simon Baron-Cohen and Bhismadev Chakrabarti
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:14
  32. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are male-biased and genetically heterogeneous. While sequencing of sporadic cases has identified de novo risk variants, the heritable genetic contribution and mechanisms driving t...

    Authors: Donna M Werling, Jennifer K Lowe, Rui Luo, Rita M Cantor and Daniel H Geschwind
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:13
  33. Despite the emphasis of autism spectrum disorders as a continuum of atypical social behaviors and the sexual heterogeneity of phenotypic manifestations, whether gaze processing constitutes an autistic endophen...

    Authors: Daisuke Matsuyoshi, Kana Kuraguchi, Yumiko Tanaka, Seina Uchida, Hiroshi Ashida and Katsumi Watanabe
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:12
  34. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is well recognized to be genetically heterogeneous. It is assumed that the genetic risk factors give rise to a broad spectrum of indistinguishable behavioral presentations.

    Authors: Hilgo Bruining, Marinus JC Eijkemans, Martien JH Kas, Sarah R Curran, Jacob AS Vorstman and Patrick F Bolton
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:11
  35. Known genetic variants can account for 10% to 20% of all cases with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Overlapping cellular pathomechanisms common to neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) and in tissues of...

    Authors: Andreas G Chiocchetti, Denise Haslinger, Maximilian Boesch, Thomas Karl, Stefan Wiemann, Christine M Freitag, Fritz Poustka, Burghardt Scheibe, Johann W Bauer, Helmut Hintner, Michael Breitenbach, Josef Kellermann, Friedrich Lottspeich, Sabine M Klauck and Lore Breitenbach-Koller
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:10
  36. The homeobox transcription factor Engrailed2 (En2) has been studied extensively in neurodevelopment, particularly in the midbrain/hindbrain region and cerebellum, where it exhibits dynamic patterns of expression ...

    Authors: Ian T Rossman, Lulu Lin, Katherine M Morgan, Marissa DiGiovine, Elise K Van Buskirk, Silky Kamdar, James H Millonig and Emanuel DiCicco-Bloom
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:9
  37. Lateralization of brain structure and function occurs in typical development, and abnormal lateralization is present in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Autism is characterized by a lack of left lateralizat...

    Authors: Jared A Nielsen, Brandon A Zielinski, P Thomas Fletcher, Andrew L Alexander, Nicholas Lange, Erin D Bigler, Janet E Lainhart and Jeffrey S Anderson
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:8
  38. There has been significant progress in identifying genes that confer risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the heterogeneity of symptom presentation in ASDs impedes the detection of ASD risk gene...

    Authors: Cara R Damiano, Joseph Aloi, Kaitlyn Dunlap, Caley J Burrus, Maya G Mosner, Rachel V Kozink, Ralph Edward McLaurin, O’Dhaniel A Mullette-Gillman, Ronald McKell Carter, Scott A Huettel, Francis Joseph McClernon, Allison Ashley-Koch and Gabriel S Dichter
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:7
  39. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a range of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by social communication deficits, repetitive behaviours, and restrictive interests. Impaired inhibition has been ...

    Authors: Anji S Vara, Elizabeth W Pang, Krissy AR Doyle-Thomas, Julie Vidal, Margot J Taylor and Evdokia Anagnostou
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:6
  40. Genetics clearly plays a major role in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but studies to date are only beginning to characterize the causal genetic variants responsible. Until recently, studies ...

    Authors: Nori Matsunami, Charles H Hensel, Lisa Baird, Jeff Stevens, Brith Otterud, Tami Leppert, Tena Varvil, Dexter Hadley, Joseph T Glessner, Renata Pellegrino, Cecilia Kim, Kelly Thomas, Fengxiang Wang, Frederick G Otieno, Karen Ho, Gerald B Christensen…
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:5
  41. The higher prevalence of Asperger Syndrome (AS) and other autism spectrum conditions in males has been known for many years. However, recent multiplex immunoassay profiling studies have shown that males and fe...

    Authors: Hannah Steeb, Jordan M Ramsey, Paul C Guest, Pawel Stocki, Jason D Cooper, Hassan Rahmoune, Erin Ingudomnukul, Bonnie Auyeung, Liliana Ruta, Simon Baron-Cohen and Sabine Bahn
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:4
  42. The measurement of head circumference (HC) is widely used in clinical and research settings as a proxy of neural growth. Although it could aid data collection, no studies have explored either the reliability o...

    Authors: Jillian C Sullivan, Teresa Tavassoli, Kimberly Armstrong, Simon Baron-Cohen and Ayla Humphrey
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:2
  43. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) comprise a range of neurodevelopmental conditions of varying severity, characterized by marked qualitative difficulties in social relatedness, communication, and behavior. Desp...

    Authors: Holly N Cukier, Nicole D Dueker, Susan H Slifer, Joycelyn M Lee, Patrice L Whitehead, Eminisha Lalanne, Natalia Leyva, Ioanna Konidari, Ryan C Gentry, William F Hulme, Derek Van Booven, Vera Mayo, Natalia K Hofmann, Michael A Schmidt, Eden R Martin, Jonathan L Haines…
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2014 5:1
  44. Transcriptome analysis has been used in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to unravel common pathogenic pathways based on the assumption that distinct rare genetic variants or epigenetic modifications affect commo...

    Authors: Paola Sgadò, Giovanni Provenzano, Erik Dassi, Valentina Adami, Giulia Zunino, Sacha Genovesi, Simona Casarosa and Yuri Bozzi
    Citation: Molecular Autism 2013 4:51

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