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Fig. 2 | Molecular Autism

Fig. 2

From: Immune activation during pregnancy exacerbates ASD-related alterations in Shank3-deficient mice

Fig. 2

Core symptoms of autism. A Time spent in contact (s) during same-sex reciprocal social interaction. Data were analyzed by two-way ANCOVA followed by a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. G Genotype of the offspring; T Treatment of the mother; G:T interaction between the two factors; and CV covariate “Genotype of the mother.” B Initiator of the first contact (%) during same-sex reciprocal social interaction. Pol-KO vs the following: Sal-WT (WT dams) **p = 0.0052 and Pol-WT (WT dams) **p = 0.0018. Data were analyzed by pairwise Fisher’s exact test followed by a Benjamini–Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons. C Time spent in chamber (s) during the sociability phase of the three-chamber test. Sal-WT (WT dams) **p = 0.0061, Pol-WT (WT dams) **p = 0.0025, Sal-WT (Het dams) *p = 0.0199, Sal-Het *p = 0.0215, Sal-KO **p = 0.0037, Pol-WT (Het dams) *p = 0.0138, Pol-Het ***p = 0.0007. D Time spent in chamber (s) during the social novelty preference phase of the three-chamber test. Sal-WT (WT dams) *p = 0.0285, Sal-WT (Het dams) **p = 0.0019, Sal-Het *p = 0.0327, Pol-WT (Het dams) *p = 0.0389, Pol-Het **p = 0.0048. E Time spent self-grooming (s). G:T *p = 0.0310, G ****p < 0.0005 and T *p = 0.0450, Sal-KO vs Sal-WT *p = 0.0210 and Pol-KO vs the following: Sal-KO **p = 0.0020, Pol-WT ****p < 0.0005 and Pol-Het ****p < 0.0005. F Time spent digging (s). G:T *p = 0.0110 and G ****p < 0.0005, Sal-WT vs the following: Pol-WT *p = 0.0100 and Sal-KO *p = 0.0260. Pol-WT vs the following: Pol-Het **p = 0.0010 and Pol-KO ****p < 0.0005. G Spectrogram of calls emitted by Sal-WT, Sal-KO and Pol-KO mice. Total number of calls emitted over 5 min during same-sex reciprocal social interaction. G:T *p = 0.0190, G ****p < 0.0005, T #p = 0.0660, Sal-KO vs the following: Sal-WT ****p < 0.0005, Sal-Het ****p < 0.0005 and Pol-KO **p = 0.002. Data were analyzed by two-way ANCOVA followed by a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Sal-WT (WT dams) n = 11, Pol-WT (WT dams) n = 8, Sal-WT (Het dams) n = 9, Sal-Het n = 7, Sal-KO n = 7, Pol-WT (Het dams) n = 9, Pol-Het n = 11, Pol-KO n = 10. H Spectrograms of chevron, step down, down fm and step up call types. fm = frequency modulation. I Percentage of chevron calls. G *p = 0.0130. Sal-WT vs Sal-KO p = 0.1660 and Pol-WT vs Pol-KO *p = 0.0480. J Percentage of step down calls. G ****p < 0.0005, T *p = 0.0190, CV *p = 0.0330, Sal-KO vs the following: Sal-WT *p = 0.0390, Sal-Het ****p < 0.0005 and Pol-KO *p = 0.0240. Sal-WT vs Pol-WT *p = 0.0400. Pol-Het vs Pol-KO *p = 0.0400. K Percentage of down fm calls. G:T *p = 0.0100, G **p = 0.0030, Sal-KO vs the following: Sal-WT ****p < 0.0005, Sal-Het **p = 0.0010 and Pol-KO **p = 0.0020. L Percentage of step up calls. G ****p < 0.0005, T p = 0.1190, Sal-KO vs the following: Sal-WT #p = 0.0510 and Sal-Het **p = 0.0050. Pol-KO vs the following: Pol-WT *p = 0.0160 and Pol-Het *p = 0.0170. Sal-WT vs Pol-WT #p = 0.0590. AB Sal-WT (WT dams) n = 11, Pol-WT (WT dams) n = 8, Sal-WT (Het dams) n = 9, Sal-Het n = 7, Sal-KO n = 7, Pol-WT (Het dams) n = 9, Pol-Het n = 11, Pol-KO n = 10. CD Data were analyzed by a paired two-tailed t-test (when normal) or by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank two-tailed test (when not normal). Sal-WT (WT dams) n = 11, Pol-WT (WT dams) n = 8, Sal-WT (Het dams) n = 9, Sal-Het n = 10, Sal-KO n = 11, Pol-WT (Het dams) n = 10, Pol-Het n = 12, Pol-KO n = 12. E = Empty cage, S1 = Stranger 1, S2 = Stranger 2. EF Data were analyzed by two-way ANCOVA followed by a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Sal-WT (WT dams) n = 12, Pol-WT (WT dams) n = 8, Sal-WT (Het dams) n = 10, Sal-Het n = 10, Sal-KO n = 11, Pol-WT (Het dams) n = 10, Pol-Het n = 12, Pol-KO n = 12. G = Genotype of the offspring; T = Treatment of the mother; G:T = interaction between the two factors; and CV = covariate “Genotype of the mother.” I-L Data were analyzed by two-way ANCOVA followed by a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Sal-WT (WT dams) n = 11, Pol-WT (WT dams) n = 8, Sal-WT (Het dams) n = 9, Sal-Het n = 7, Sal-KO n = 7, Pol-WT (Het dams) n = 9, Pol-Het n = 11, Pol-KO n = 10. AL Data were tested for normality with the Shapiro–Wilk test. Significance level was set to 0.05 (# < 0.10, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). Mean ± SEM. ns not significant

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