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Table 3 Autism factor mean score regression on maternal 25(OH)D adjusted for season and 20-week gestation

From: Maternal vitamin D during pregnancy and offspring autism and autism-associated traits: a prospective cohort study

Analysis

Model

Complete record analysis

Multiple imputation analysis

Mean difference*

95% CI

Mean difference

95% CI

Observationala

Unadjusted

−0.01

(−0.01, 0.00)

−0.01

(−0.02, −0.00)

Adjusted 1

−0.01

(−0.01, 0.00)

−0.01

(−0.01, 0.00)

Adjusted 2

0.00

(−0.01, 0.00)

−0.01

(−0.01, 0.00)

Adjusted 3

−0.01

(−0.01, 0.00)

−0.01

(−0.01, 0.00)

Fully adjusted

−0.01

(−0.01, 0.00)

−0.01

(−0.01, 0.00)

Mendelian randomizationb

Adjusted for 10 principal components

−0.04

(−0.13, 0.04)

–

–

Adjusted for 10 principal components and offspring risk score for 25(OH)D

−0.05

(−0.20, 0.09)

–

–

  1. aMean difference in autism factor mean score per 10 nmol/L change in adjusted 25(OH)D
  2. bMean difference in autism factor mean score per 10 nmol/L change in adjusted 25(OH)D per unit increase in standardised maternal 25(OH)D genetic score
  3. *Causal mean difference for Mendelian randomization
  4. Adjusted 1 = adjusted for offspring sex;
  5. Adjusted 2 = adjusted for financial difficulties, maternal education, and maternal occupational class;
  6. Adjusted 3 = adjusted for parity, maternal age at birth, pre-pregnancy BMI and smoking status during pregnancy;
  7. Fully adjusted = adjusted for all variables in adjusted 1–3
  8. Complete record analysis N = 4913; multiple imputation analysis N = 7689
  9. Mendelian randomization analysis, unadjusted N = 4462, adjusted N = 2937