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Table 4 Results Cross-Lagged Panel Model for Global and Surface-based MRI Brain Measures and Autistic Traitsa

From: The longitudinal bidirectional relationship between autistic traits and brain morphology from childhood to adolescence: a population-based cohort study

Brain measures

Model

SRS → MRI

MRI → SRS

Cross-Sectional

Autoregressive

ßCL-1

p value

ßCL-2

p value

ßCL-baseline

p value

ßAR-SRS

p value

ßAR-MRI

p value

Global (N = 304)

           

 Total brain volume

1

0.010

0.722

− 0.045

0.371

− 0.143

0.007

0.523

6.134·10–26*

0.867

6.187·10–192*

 

2

0.010

0.742

− 0.045

0.374

− 0.098

0.060

0.523

1.087·10–25*

0.867

1.391·10–189*

 Cortical gray matter volume

1

0.015

0.696

− 0.051

0.306

− 0.145

0.008

0.522

9.307·10–26*

0.759

3.548·10–87*

 

2

0.015

0.697

− 0.051

0.310

− 0.099

0.054

0.522

1.675·10–25*

0.759

4.011·10–86*

 Subcortical gray matter volume

1

− 0.047

0.059

− 0.029

0.565

− 0.102

0.057

0.526

3.292·10–26*

0.904

5.526·10–293*

 

2

− 0.047

0.060

− 0.029

0.567

− 0.054

0.278

0.526

5.696·10–26*

0.904

1.351·10–289*

 Cerebral white matter volume

1

− 0.009

0.692

− 0.013

0.796

− 0.133

0.010

0.526

3.587·10–26*

0.922

2.437·10–292*

 

2

− 0.009

0.694

− 0.013

0.797

− 0.092

0.060

0.526

6.286·10–26*

0.922

1.838·10–291*

 Cerebrospinal fluid

1

0.049

0.202

− 0.081

0.101

− 0.064

0.253

0.523

3.781·10–26*

0.736

3.136·10–82*

 

2

0.042

0.442

− 0.048

0.267

− 0.066

0.220

0.523

7.034·10–26*

0.736

2.762·10–81*

 Cerebellum cortex volume

1

0.025

0.394

− 0.039

0.434

− 0.112

0.034

0.525

4.146·10–26*

0.867

3.810·10–195*

 

2

0.025

0.396

− 0.039

0.437

− 0.045

0.357

0.525

7.063·10–26*

0.867

6.060·10–193*

 Cerebellum white matter volume

1

0.019

0.629

− 0.045

0.369

− 0.116

0.036

0.524

5.354·10–26*

0.742

9.190·10–79*

 

2

0.019

0.630

− 0.045

0.371

0.075

0.150

0.524

7.999·10–26*

0.742

4.047·10–78*

 Amygdala volume

1

0.008

0.863

0.009

0.852

− 0.151

0.006

0.528

3.564·10–26*

0.586

3.598·10–35*

 

2

0.008

0.864

0.009

0.853

− 0.090

0.035

0.528

5.966·10–26*

0.586

8.120·10–35*

Gyrification (N = 295)

           

 Mean gyrification (LH + RH)

1

0.020

0.690

0.009

0.858

− 0.074

0.157

0.527

2.446·10–26*

0.863

9.849·10–199*

 

2

0.020

0.493

0.009

0.858

− 0.045

0.369

0.527

4.315·10–26*

0.863

1.506·10–196*

 Parietal lateral (LH)

1

− 0.001

0.985

− 0.064

0.197

− 0.081

0.138

0.523

5.766·10–26*

0.817

3.491·10–130*

 

2

− 0.001

0.985

− 0.064

0.199

− 0.069

0.191

0.523

9.095·10–26*

0.817

4.795·10–129*

 Occipital (RH)

1

0.035

0.269

0.025

0.616

− 0.100

0.064

0.527

3.000·10–26*

0.841

5.854·10–153*

 

2

0.035

0.271

0.025

0.618

− 0.066

0.200

0.527

5.224·10–26*

0.841

2.998·10–151*

Surface area (N = 304)

           

 Mean surface area (LH + RH)

1

0.012

0.672

− 0.035

0.471

− 0.147

0.004

0.527

2.243·10–29*

0.863

1.289·10–202*

 

2

0.013

0.643

− 0.033

0.494

− 0.045

0.369

0.535

8.645·10–29*

0.876

2.622·10–199*

 Postcentral medial (LH)

1

− 0.001

0.682

0.480

0.179

0.001

0.912

0.542

2.355·10–29*

0.811

4.394·10–212*

 

2

− 0.001

0.659

0.437

0.217

0.004

0.578

0.534

7.953·10–29*

0.880

3.055·10–223*

 Orbitofrontal (RH)

1

− 0.002

0.679

− 0.041

0.911

− 0.013

0.077

0.546

1.171·10–29*

0.781

1.843·10–133*

 

2

− 0.002

0.607

− 0.076

0.832

− 0.010

0.151

0.537

3.962·10–29*

0.779

8.787·10–132*

Cortical thickness (N = 304)

           

 Mean cortical thickness (LH + RH)

1

− 0.05

0.928

− 0.039

0.416

− 0.042

0.448

0.543

1.727·10–29*

0.928

4.916·10–19*

 

2

− 0.010

0.493

− 0.038

0.429

− 0.018

0.730

0.534

9.668·10–29*

0.436

1.079·10–17*

 Superior frontal (RH)

1

− 0.006

0.667

− 0.004

0.986

0.023

0.077

0.546

1.762·10–26*

0.322

1.238·10–8*

 

2

− 0.007

0.623

0.052

0.802

0.018

0.161

0.536

1.005·10–28*

0.318

2.885·10–8*

  1. aßCL-1 is the cross-lagged path, where SRS scores at W1 predict MRI outcomes at W3; ßCL-2 is the cross-lagged path between MRI outcomes at W1 and SRS scores at W3; ßCL-baseline is the cross-sectional association between MRI outcomes and the SRS within W1; ßAR-SRS is the autoregressive coefficient for the SRS score; ßAR-MRI is the autoregressive coefficient for the MRI outcomes (see Eq. 1)
  2. *Significant after Bonferroni correction (p = 0.003)
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Molecular Autism

ISSN: 2040-2392