Table 1 Number of reported perinatal and postnatal risk factors as exposures stratified by neurodevelopmental disorders and concordance
ASD | ADHD | Other NDCs | ID | TD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concordant 13 pairsa | Discordant 23 pairsb affected/unaffected | Concordant 14 pairs | Discordant 15 pairs affected/unaffected | Concordant 8 pairs | Discordant 14 pairs affected/unaffected | Concordant 3 pairs | Discordant 7 pairs affected/unaffected | Concordant 51 pairs | |
Perinatal risks | |||||||||
Perinatal risk load Mean (SD) | 1.46 (1.65) | 2.22 (1.93)/1.48 (1.53) | 1.00 (1.52) | 2.13 (2.10)/1.73 (1.79) | 0.75 (1.24) | 1.79 (1.63)/1.36 (1.55) | 1.83 (1.72) | 2.86 (2.48), 2.57 (2.37) | 1.10 (1.20) |
Birth weight ≤ 2000 g (n = 51) | 23.1% | 47.8/39.1% | 10.7% | 28.6/28.6% | 12.5% | 35.7/28.6% | 0% | 57.1/57.1% | 11.8% |
Growth discordance ≥ 18% (n = 28) | 7.7% | 26.1/0% | 7.1% | 28.6/0% | 0% | 28.6/14.4% | 0% | 42.9/14.3% | 10.8% |
Convulsions (n = 9) | 11.5% | 13.0/4.3% | 7.1% | 14.3/14.3% | 0% | 0/0% | 33.3% | 28.6/14.3% | 2% |
Oxygen therapy (n = 63) | 42.3% | 34.8/30.4% | 17.9% | 50.0/28.6% | 12.5% | 28.6/42.9% | 50.0% | 57.1/57.1% | 20.6% |
Phototherapy (n = 91) | 38.5% | 52.2/47.8% | 28.6% | 50.0/50.0% | 37.5% | 42.9/35.7% | 50.0% | 57.1/57.1% | 38.2% |
Breech position (n = 36) | 7.7% | 30.4/17.4% | 14.3% | 28.6/35.7% | 0% | 28.6/0% | 16.7% | 0/14.3% | 15.7% |
Medication (n = 26) | 15.4% | 17.4/8.7% | 14.3% | 21.4/21.4% | 12.5% | 14.3/14.3% | 33.3% | 42.9/42.9% | 5.9% |
Postnatal risks | |||||||||
Postnatal risk load Mean (SD) | 0.88 (1.03) | 1.61 (1.37)/1.09 (1.24) | 1.00 (0.98) | 1.20 (1.70)/0.87 (1.30) | 1.25 (1.00) | 0.64 (1.08)/ 0.50 (0.85) | 2.50 (1.05) | 1.71 (2.29), 1.29 (1.60) | 0.72 (0.83) |
Measles (n = 2) | 0% | 0/0% | 0% | 0/0% | 0% | 0/0% | 0% | 0/0% | 2% |
Jaundice (n = 20) | 19.2% | 21.7/21.7% | 0% | 14.3/21.4% | 7.1% | 7.1/7.1% | 33.3% | 28.6/28.6% | 13.7% |
Mumps (n = 2) | 0% | 0/4.3% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0/7.1% | 0% | 0/0% | 0% |
Scarlet fever (n = 20) | 19.2% | 13.0/13.0% | 17.9% | 14.3/14.3% | 12.5% | 7.1/14.3% | 33.3% | 14.3/14.3% | 4.9% |
Asthma (n = 47) | 11.5% | 30.4/30.4% | 21.4% | 35.7/28.6% | 50.0% | 0/7.1% | 33.3% | 28.6/14.3% | 15.7% |
Frequent ear infections (n = 50) | 15.4% | 43.5/26.1% | 28.6% | 14.3/7.1% | 37.5% | 28.6/14.3% | 66.7% | 42.9/42.9% | 17.6% |
Head injury (n = 27) | 3.8% | 21.7/8.7% | 17.9% | 14.3/14.3% | 18.8% | 14.3/0% | 16.7% | 14.3/14.3% | 13.7% |
Convulsions (n = 9) | 11.5% | 17.4/0% | 10.7% | 21.4/0% | 6.3% | 0/0% | 33.3% | 28.6/0% | 1.0% |
Heart disease (n = 7) | 7.7% | 13.0/4.3% | 3.6% | 14.3/7.1% | 0% | 7.1/0% | 33.3% | 14.3/14.3% | 1.0% |