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Table 2 Descriptive and test statistics for measured variables

From: Exploring sensory phenotypes in autism spectrum disorder

 

SA

M (SD)

GSD

M (SD)

TSS

M (SD)

URSS

M (SD)

M/LEW

M (SD)

Test statistic

Significant contrasts

Age

10.43 (4.86)

10.30 (4.09)

7.59 (4.11)

8.96 (4.05)

11.13 (4.00)

F(4, 283.6) = 13.55, p < 0.001, est. w2 = 0.077

TSS < SA, GSD, M/LEW; URSS < SA, M/LEW

IQ

Full-scale

85.92 (25.57)

85.41 (19.97)

84.78 (27.61)

87.34 (28.84)

87.87 (23.45)

F(4, 245.5) = 0.25, p = 0.909, est. w2 =  − 0.006

–

Verbal

87.49 (24.70)

87.62 (20.81)

88.61 (25.70)

88.20 (26.97)

90.51 (21.88)

F(4, 224.7) = 0.25, p = 0.909, est. w2 =  − 0.006

–

Performance

89.24 (25.88)

85.98 (20.95)

91.91 (25.95)

93.03 (29.94)

88.33 (23.17)

F(4, 236.2) = 1.20, p = 0.313, est. w2 = 0.002

–

Sex

42F, 107 M

19F, 74 M

25F, 101 M

21F, 114 M

20F, 76 M

x2(4) = 7.109, p = 0.130, Cramer’s V = 0.055

–

VABS-II

Adaptive behaviour composite

75.61 (13.89)

65.25 (11.91)

72.00 (11.78)

69.63 (15.29)

66.71 (14.43)

F(4, 203.5) = 8.62, p < 0.001, est. w2 = 0.007

SA > GSD, URSS, M/LEW; GSD < TSS

Communication skills

79.24 (16.37)

69.93 (13.96)

74.09 (15.46)

71.61 (18.20)

69.87 (16.15)

F(4, 209.0) = 5.58, p < 0.001, est. w2 = 0.040

SA > GSD, URSS, M/LEW

Daily living skills

77.32 (14.63)

65.83 (13.37)

74.12 (13.27)

72.16 (17.10)

67.43 (15.32)

F(4, 207.3) = 9.51, p < 0.001, est. w2 = 0.073

GSD < SA, TSS, URSS; M/LEW < SA, TSS

Socialization skills

75.70 (16.08)

64.59 (12.16)

71.19 (12.41)

69.71 (14.96)

68.23 (15.50)

F(4, 207.9) = 7.40, p < 0.001, est. w2 = 0.056

SA > GSD, URSS, M/LEW; TSS > GSD

Motor skills

87.63 (12.85)

76.92 (8.75)

81.23 (13.95)

81.55 (15.52)

66.00 (6.69)

F(4, 40.4) = 11.45, p = 0.001, est. w2 = 0.260

M/LEW < SA, TSS, URSS

RBS-R total score

16.88 (12.93)

48.55 (19.33)

37.25 (19.18)

26.02 (15.03)

30.81 (15.85)

F(4, 260.0) = 58.96, p < 0.001, est. w2 = 0.290

SA < GSD, TSS, URSS, M/LEW; GSD > TSS, URSS, M/LEW; TSS > URSS

Self-injury

1.47 (2.19)

5.30 (4.72)

3.31 (3.45)

2.86 (3.54)

2.93 (3.68)

F(4, 250.8) = 17.62, p < 0.001, est. w2 = 0.105

SA < GSD, TSS, URSS, M/LEW, GSD > TSS, URSS, M/LEW

Stereotypy

3.45 (3.08)

9.50 (4.59)

8.25 (4.70)

6.62 (4.24)

5.93 (4.25)

F(4, 258.5) = 43.76, p < 0.001, est. w2 = 0.232

SA < GSD, TSS, URSS, M/LEW, GSD, TSS > URSS, M/LEW

Compulsions

2.11 (2.70)

7.28 (5.52)

5.40 (4.57)

3.72 (3.43)

4.36 (4.31)

F(4, 252.3) = 25.79, p < 0.001, est. w2 = 0.149

SA < GSD, TSS, URSS, M/LEW, GSD > URSS, M/LEW, TSS > URSS

Ritualistic/sameness

8.88 (7.48)

23.31 (9.11)

18.12 (9.24)

11.58 (7.67)

15.41 (7.72)

F(4, 264.4) = 48.96, p < 0.001, est. w2 = 0.253

SA < GSD, TSS, URSS, M/LEW, GSD > TSS, URSS, M/LEW, URSS < TSS, M/LEW

SCQ

16.02 (6.41)

23.62 (6.97)

21.02 (5.99)

19.56 (7.42)

20.61 (6.78)

F(4, 253.2) = 18.90, p < 0.001, est. w2 = 0.118

SA < GSD, TSS, URSS, M/LEW; GSD > TSS, URSS, M/LEW

SWAN

Inattention

3.05 (2.79)

5.69 (2.75)

4.38 (3.03)

5.40 (3.07)

5.24 (2.75)

F(4, 223.6) = 14.95, p < 0.001, est. w2 = 0.107

SA < GSD, TSS, URSS, M/LEW; TSS < GSD

Hyperactivity

2.27 (2.62)

4.99 (3.06)

4.30 (3.14)

4.66 (2.97)

3.98 (3.05)

F(4, 221.2) = 15.48, p < 0.001, est. w2 = 0.111

SA < GSD, TSS, URSS, M/LEW

TOCS

 − 20.68 (26.25)

-6.14 (25.29)

 − 11.55 (25.68)

 − 19.72 (24.54)

 − 10.23 (23.63)

F(4, 196.3) = 5.21, p < 0.001, est. w2 = 0.039

M/LEW > SA; GSD > SA, URSS

  1. SA sensory adaptive, GSD generalized sensory differences, TSS taste and smell sensitivity, URSS under-responsive sensory seeking, M/LEW movement difficulties with low energy and weakness, IQ intelligence quotient, VABS-II Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales—Second Edition, RBS-R Repetitive Behaviours Scale—Revised, SCQ Social Communication Questionnaire, SWAN Strengths and Weakness of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms of Normal Behaviour Scale, TOCS Toronto Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Contrasts are significant at p < 0.05