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Fig. 4 | Molecular Autism

Fig. 4

From: Genetic and morphological estimates of androgen exposure predict social deficits in multiple neurodevelopmental disorder cohorts

Fig. 4

Polygenic associations with social functioning and morphological masculinity. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for testosterone, SHBG, dissatisfaction with friendships, autism, ADHD, cognitive ability, and educational attainment were computed in the devGenes sample and used as a means to better understand potential genetic mechanisms underlying digit ratio (a) and facial masculinity (b) (DRM and FLM, respectively), as well as the social impairment factor they predict (c) (Fig. 3d). DRM is best predicted by testosterone PRS, while FLM is best predicted by SHBG PRS (a negative relationship). The social impairment factor suggests both a positive contribution by testosterone PRS and a negative contribution by SHBG PRS (both nominally significant at \(p \sim 0.05\)). The effect of testosterone and SHBG PRS (respectively) on DRM (d, e), FLM (f, g), and the social impairment factor (h, i) is shown. In (d–i), a SNP threshold of \(p < 0.01\) was used for testosterone PRS and \(p<0.1\) for SHBG PRS (these are, respectively, where the associations with DRM and FLM achieved maximal significance)

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