Table 2 OACIS-I scores mean unit change from baseline (week 0) at each visit by intervention group, sulforaphane (SF) and placebo (PL), and standardized mean difference of SF compared to PL on OACIS-I scores
OACIS-I subscale | Paired t testa | Effect sizeb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SF group N | SF group Mean (SD) | PL group N | PL group Mean (SD) | p value | Cohen’s d (95% CI) | |
Total OACIS-I | ||||||
 Week 7 | 17 | 0.29 (0.69) | 17 | 0.18 (0.39) | 0.543 | 0.21 (− 0.46, 0.88) |
 Week 15 | 17 | 0.29 (0.59) | 17 | 0.24 (0.56) | 0.750 | 0.10 (− 0.52, 0.72) |
 Week 22 | 16 | 0.50 (0.73) | 16 | 0.50 (0.63) | 1.000 | 0.00 (− 0.69, 0.69) |
 Week 30 | 15 | 0.50 (0.68) | 15 | 0.73 (0.78) | 0.404 | − 0.14 (− 0.90, 0.61) |
 Week 36 | 13 | 0.31 (0.75) | 13 | 0.15 (0.38) | 0.502 | 0.26 (− 0.49, 0.99) |
Social interaction severity | ||||||
 Week 7 | 17 | 0.35 (0.70) | 17 | 0.47 (0.62) | 0.652 | − 0.18 (− 0.93, 0.58) |
 Week 15 | 17 | 0.41 (0.71) | 17 | 0.47 (0.51) | 0.773 | − 0.09 (− 0.73, 0.54) |
 Week 22 | 16 | 0.63 (0.81) | 16 | 1.31 (0.60) | 0.007 | − 0.97 (− 1.65, − 0.26) |
 Week 30 | 15 | 1.00 (0.83) | 15 | 1.20 (0.61) | 0.384 | − 0.28 (− 0.89, 0.34) |
 Week 36 | 13 | 0.35 (0.63) | 13 | 0.50 (0.54) | 0.337 | − 0.26 (− 0.78, 0.27) |
Aberrant abnormal behaviors | ||||||
 Week 7 | 17 | 0.06 (0.43) | 17 | 0.24 (0.56) | 0.422 | − 0.35 (− 1.20, 0.50) |
 Week 15 | 17 | 0.24 (0.44) | 17 | 0.29 (0.69) | 0.773 | − 0.10 (− 0.78, 0.58) |
 Week 22 | 16 | 0.63 (0.81) | 16 | 0.50 (0.89) | 0.718 | 0.15 (− 0.64, 0.93) |
 Week 30 | 15 | 0.67 (0.90) | 15 | 0.57 (0.86) | 0.777 | 0.11 (− 0.66, 0.88) |
 Week 36 | 13 | 0.15 (0.80) | 13 | 0.08 (0.49) | 0.794 | 0.12 (− 0.74, 0.96) |
Repetitive behaviors | ||||||
 Week 7 | 17 | 0.12 (0.33) | 17 | 0.12 (0.33) | 1.000 | 0.00 (− 0.72, 0.72) |
 Week 15 | 17 | 0.06 (0.43) | 17 | 0.12 (0.49) | 0.750 | − 0.13 (− 0.90, 0.65) |
 Week 22 | 16 | 0.50 (0.63) | 16 | 0.56 (0.89) | 0.823 | − 0.08 (− 0.79, 0.63) |
 Week 30 | 15 | 0.40 (0.63) | 15 | 0.53 (0.85) | 0.658 | − 0.18 (− 0.94, 0.60) |
 Week 36 | 13 | 0.15 (0.55) | 13 | 0.15 (0.55) | 1.000 | 0.00 (− 0.80, 0.80) |
Verbal communication | ||||||
 Week 7 | 17 | 0.24 (0.56) | 17 | 0.59 (0.62) | 0.138 | − 0.60 (− 1.37, 0.19) |
 Week 15 | 17 | 0.41 (0.71) | 17 | 0.79 (0.77) | 0.109 | − 0.51 (− 1.13, 0.11) |
 Week 22 | 16 | 0.63 (0.89) | 16 | 1.28 (0.63) | 0.062 | − 0.85 (− 1.72, 0.04) |
 Week 30 | 15 | 0.80 (0.84) | 15 | 1.17 (0.84) | 0.228 | − 0.44 (− 1.13, 0.27) |
 Week 36 | 13 | 0.38 (0.65) | 13 | 0.81 (0.75) | 0.182 | − 0.60 (− 1.46, 0.28) |
Nonverbal communication | ||||||
 Week 7 | 17 | 0.18 (0.53) | 17 | 0.29 (0.47) | 0.496 | − 0.24 (− 0.90, 0.44) |
 Week 15 | 17 | 0.29 (0.69) | 17 | 0.24 (0.44) | 0.750 | 0.10 (− 0.52, 0.72) |
 Week 22 | 16 | 0.38 (0.62) | 16 | 0.44 (0.63) | 0.806 | − 0.10 (− 0.88, 0.69) |
 Week 30 | 15 | 0.33 (0.62) | 15 | 0.53 (0.64) | 0.384 | − 0.32 (− 1.02, 0.39) |
 Week 36 | 13 | 0.15 (0.38) | 13 | 0.08 (0.28) | 0.337 | 0.23 (− 0.24, 0.69) |
Hyperactivity inattention | ||||||
 Week 7 | 17 | 0.24 (0.44) | 17 | 0.59 (0.71) | 0.138 | − 0.60 (− 1.37, 0.19) |
 Week 15 | 17 | 0.35 (0.49) | 17 | 0.76 (0.83) | 0.130 | − 0.60 (− 1.36, 0.17) |
 Week 22 | 16 | 0.69 (0.79) | 16 | 1.00 (0.89) | 0.352 | − 0.37 (− 1.13, 0.40) |
 Week 30 | 15 | 0.63 (0.77) | 15 | 0.97 (1.08) | 0.420 | − 0.36 (− 1.20, 0.50) |
 Week 36 | 13 | 0.08 (0.64) | 13 | 0.23 (0.44) | 0.549 | − 0.28 (− 1.17, 0.62) |
Anxiety | ||||||
 Week 7 | 17 | 0.24 (0.66) | 17 | 0.12 (0.60) | 0.608 | 0.19 (− 0.52, 0.88) |
 Week 15 | 17 | 0.18 (0.53) | 17 | 0.24 (0.75) | 0.805 | − 0.09 (− 0.80, 0.62) |
 Week 22 | 16 | 0.31 (0.79) | 16 | 0.63 (0.71) | 0.352 | − 0.41 (− 1.26, 0.45) |
 Week 30 | 15 | 0.37 (0.67) | 15 | 0.40 (0.83) | 0.916 | − 0.04 (− 0.85, 0.77) |
 Week 36 | 13 | 0.23 (0.60) | 13 | 0.04 (0.32) | 0.240 | 0.40 (− 0.26, 1.05) |
Sensory sensitivities | ||||||
 Week 7 | 17 | 0.24 (0.56) | 17 | 0.18 (0.39) | 0.750 | 0.12 (− 0.61, 0.85) |
 Week 15 | 17 | 0.18 (0.39) | 17 | 0.24 (0.44) | 0.718 | − 0.14 (− 0.89, 0.62) |
 Week 22 | 16 | 0.38 (0.62) | 16 | 0.44 (0.63) | 0.806 | − 0.10 (− 0.88, 0.69) |
 Week 30 | 15 | 0.33 (0.62) | 15 | 0.47 (0.64) | 0.634 | − 0.21 (− 1.07, 0.65) |
 Week 36 | 13 | 0.15 (0.55) | 13 | 0.15 (0.38) | 1.000 | 0.00 (− 0.94, 0.94) |
Restricted or narrow interests | ||||||
 Week 7 | 17 | 0.06 (0.24) | 17 | 0.06 (0.24) | 1.000 | 0.00 (− 0.69, 0.69) |
 Week 15 | 17 | 0.12 (0.49) | 17 | 0.24 (0.56) | 0.543 | − 0.22 (− 0.93, 0.49) |
 Week 22 | 16 | 0.19 (0.54) | 16 | 0.31 (0.70) | 0.608 | − 0.20 (− 0.94, 0.55) |
 Week 30 | 15 | 0.20 (0.56) | 15 | 0.20 (0.56) | 1.000 | 0.00 (− 0.76, 0.76) |
 Week 36 | 13 | − 0.07 (0.28) | 13 | 0.07 (0.28) | 0.165 | − 0.55 (− 1.31, 0.22) |