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Table 1 Socio-demographic data of participants with or without regression

From: Bayonet-shaped language development in autism with regression: a retrospective study

 

Fluent and non-fluent speakers

Fluent speakers

ELR-W

ELR-P

No-ELR

p-value

ELR

No-ELR

p-value

n (%)

231 (11%)

109 (5%)

1707 (83%)

 

136 (12%)

1017 (88%)

 

Mean age (year: months)

8:9

9:6

9:0

0.23

10:10

10:1

0.011

Gender (male), %

87%

87%

87%

0.98

90%

88%

0.57

Annual household income, % (n)

 ≤ $ 50_000

21% (45)

20% (20)

15% (250)

 

14% (18)

15% (148)

 

$51,000–$100,000

37% (82)

41% (41)

41% (668)

 0.26

44% (56)

43% (417)

 0.942

 ≥ $100,000

42% (92)

40% (40)

44% (719)

 

42% (54)

42% (412)

 

Mother’s highest level of education, % (n)

No college

45% (102)

47% (51)

37% (628)

 

47% (63)

37% (376)

 

College

32% (72)

27% (29)

37% (630)

 0.033

30% (40)

37% (372)

 0.089

Graduate

23% (53)

27% (29)

26% (445)

 

24% (32)

26% (267)

 

Mean intellectual quotient (SD)

NVIQ

79 (24)

78 (28)

89 (23)

3.3e−13

92 (20)

96 (19)

0.038

NVIQ, pairwise comparisonsa

79

89

3.0e−9

   

78

89

1.5e−6

   

79

78

1

   

VIQ

68 (29)

70 (33)

85 (27)

1.3e−21

88 (22)

95 (21)

4.6e−4

VIQ, pairwise comparisonsa

68

85

1.1e−17

   

70

85

2.5e−07

   

68

70

1

   

VIQ/NVIQ

0.84 (0.23)

0.88 (0.23)

0.95 (0.21)

1.4e−13

0.97 (19)

0.99 (18)

0.081

VIQ/NVIQ, pairwise comparisonsa

0.84

0.95

1.9e−12

   

0.88

0.95

2.3e−3

   

0.84

0.88

0.40

   

EPILEPSY (%)

6 (3%)

4 (4%)

28 (2%)

0.21

3 (2%)

13 (1%)

0.36

Association of epilepsy with ELR, (%)

5 (2%)

4 (4%)

  

2 (1%)

  
  1. For socio-demographic data of non-fluent speakers, see Additional file 3: Table S1
  2. ELR: early language regression, No-ELR: no-early language regression, ELR-W: early language regression after first words, ELRP: early language regression after first phrase, IQ: intellectual quotient, NVIQ: non-verbal IQ, VIQ: verbal IQ
  3. aBonferroni-corrected p-value for pairwise comparisons