Fig. 3
Odds ratios (ORs) for ASD risk by 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in biomarkers levels. ORs were calculated using logistic regression adjusted for mother’s age at sampling, year of sampling, sex of child, and serum cotinine and mTHF levels. Vitamin D3 was further adjusted for month of sampling (light/dark months). Median serum concentration levels in cases and controls are presented in nmol/L for biomarker kynurenic acid; 25-hydroxy vitamin D3; xanthurenic acid; trigonelline; cystathionine; 4-pyridoxic acid; quinolinic acid; pyridoxal; neopterin; nicotinic acid; para-amino benzoylglutamate; acetamidobenzoglutamate; hmTHF; mTHF;and in mg/l for CRP and all remaining biomarkers