Outcome measure | Oxytocin | Placebo | Between-group difference | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean ± SD | T value | p | N | Mean ± SD | T value | p | Cohen’s d | |
Multiple-dose effect (T1) | |||||||||
Primary outcomes | |||||||||
SRS-A self-report | 22 | − 5.55 ± 11.40 | − 2.28 | 0.033 | 18 | − 1.06 ± 10.01 | − 0.45 | 0.66 | −0.42 |
SRS-A informant-based | 17 | 0.0 ± 15.86 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 15 | − 0.87 ± 12.83 | − 0.26 | 0.80 | 0.10 |
Secondary outcomes | |||||||||
RBS-R | 22 | − 4.77 ± 6.47 | − 3.46 | 0.002 | 17 | − 1.76 ± 4.75 | − 1.53 | 0.15 | − 0.63 |
SAAM avoidance | 22 | − 0.40 ± 0.71 | − 2.63 | 0.016 | 18 | 0.06 ± 0.98 | 0.24 | 0.81 | − 0.61 |
SAAM security | 22 | 0.27 ± 0.77 | 1.62 | 0.12 | 18 | − 0.05 ± 0.66 | − 0.31 | 0.76 | 0.63 |
SAAM anxiety | 22 | − 0.14 ± 0.75 | − 0.90 | 0.38 | 18 | 0.28 ± 0.95 | 1.24 | 0.23 | − 0.62 |
IPPA Peers | 22 | 1.45 ± 3.85 | 1.77 | 0.091 | 18 | 0.56 ± 4.05 | 0.58 | 0.57 | 0.30 |
IPPA Mother | 21 | − 0.52 ± 2.71 | − 0.88 | 0.39 | 18 | 0.44 ± 3.45 | 0.55 | 0.59 | − 0.39 |
IPPA Father | 21 | 0.43 ± 3.30 | 0.60 | 0.56 | 18 | − 0.61 ± 3.81 | − 0.68 | 0.50 | 0.29 |
WHO-QOL | 22 | 1.77 ± 8.04 | 1.03 | 0.31 | 17 | − 1.35 ± 6.74 | − 0.83 | 0.42 | 0.63 |
Profile of mood states | |||||||||
Tension | 22 | − 2.00 ± 2.29 | − 4.10 | 0.0005 | 18 | − 2.39 ± 3.03 | − 3.34 | 0.004 | 0.14 |
Anger | 22 | 0.00 ± 4.05 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 18 | − 0.61 ± 2.73 | − 0.95 | 0.35 | 0.18 |
Depression | 22 | − 1.14 ± 4.50 | − 1.19 | 0.25 | 18 | − 0.33 ± 2.81 | − 0.50 | 0.62 | − 0.21 |
Vigor | 22 | − 1.00 ± 2.53 | − 1.86 | 0.077 | 18 | − 2.94 ± 3.64 | − 3.43 | 0.003 | 0.62 |
Fatigue | 22 | − 2.09 ± 3.99 | − 2.46 | 0.023 | 18 | − 1.11 ± 5.12 | − 0.92 | 0.37 | − 0.21 |
One-month retention effect (T2) | |||||||||
Primary outcomes | |||||||||
SRS-A self-report | 22 | − 5.64 ± 12.57 | − 2.10 | 0.048 | 18 | − 7.67 ± 12.09 | − 2.69 | 0.015 | 0.22 |
SRS-A informant-based | 17 | − 9.59 ± 10.98 | − 3.60 | 0.002 | 15 | − 1.20 ± 10.73 | − 0.43 | 0.67 | − 0.83 |
Secondary outcomes | |||||||||
RBS-R | 22 | − 4.91 ± 6.33 | − 3.64 | 0.002 | 17 | − 2.35 ± 3.43 | − 2.83 | 0.012 | − 0.50 |
SAAM avoidance | 22 | − 0.38 ± 0.70 | − 2.58 | 0.018 | 18 | − 0.06 ± 0.76 | − 0.35 | 0.73 | − 0.53 |
SAAM security | 22 | 0.04 ± 1.01 | 0.18 | 0.86 | 18 | − 0.40 ± 0.99 | − 1.70 | 0.11 | 0.62 |
SAAM anxiety | 22 | 0.08 ± 1.05 | 0.36 | 0.72 | 18 | 0.11 ± 0.87 | 0.54 | 0.60 | − 0.05 |
IPPA Peers | 22 | 1.32 ± 3.71 | 1.67 | 0.11 | 18 | 0.06 ± 3.70 | 0.06 | 0.95 | 0.45 |
IPPA Mother | 21 | − 0.38 ± 3.43 | − 0.51 | 0.62 | 18 | 0.06 ± 4.35 | 0.05 | 0.96 | − 0.14 |
IPPA Father | 21 | 0.52 ± 3.59 | 0.67 | 0.51 | 18 | − 0.33 ± 3.87 | − 0.37 | 0.72 | 0.31 |
WHO-QOL | 22 | 1.14 ± 5.48 | 0.97 | 0.34 | 17 | 0.35 ± 4.53 | 0.32 | 0.75 | 0.24 |
Profile of mood states | |||||||||
Tension | 22 | − 2.64 ± 2.80 | − 4.41 | 0.0002 | 18 | − 2.11 ± 3.22 | − 2.76 | 0.013 | − 0.17 |
Anger | 22 | 0.36 ± 3.68 | 0.46 | 0.65 | 18 | − 0.39 ± 3.91 | − 0.42 | 0.68 | 0.20 |
Depression | 22 | − 0.82 ± 2.63 | − 1.46 | 0.16 | 18 | 0.22 ± 3.41 | 0.28 | 0.79 | − 0.34 |
Vigor | 22 | 0.14 ± 3.58 | 0.18 | 0.86 | 18 | − 1.44 ± 4.33 | − 1.42 | 0.17 | 0.40 |
Fatigue | 22 | − 2.69 ± 2.71 | − 4.63 | 0.0001 | 18 | − 2.33 ± 4.47 | − 2.21 | 0.04 | − 0.09 |
One-year retention effect (T3) | |||||||||
Primary outcomes | |||||||||
SRS-A self-report | 22 | − 8.59 ± 20.95 | − 1.92 | 0.07 | 18 | − 6.72 ± 21.01 | − 1.36 | 0.19 | − 0.12 |
SRS-A informant-based | 17 | − 7.41 ± 19.26 | − 1.59 | 0.13 | 15 | − 4.13 ± 24.64 | − 0.65 | 0.53 | − 0.18 |
Secondary outcomes | |||||||||
RBS-R | 22 | − 4.91 ± 9.46 | − 2.43 | 0.02 | 17 | − 0.41 ± 4.27 | − 0.40 | 0.70 | − 0.98 |
SAAM avoidance | 22 | − 0.52 ± 1.18 | − 2.07 | 0.05 | 18 | 0.0 ± 0.75 | 0.00 | 1.00 | − 0.80 |
SAAM security | 22 | 0.20 ± 1.52 | − 0.62 | 0.54 | 18 | − 0.14 ± 0.66 | − 0.91 | 0.37 | − 0.05 |
SAAM anxiety | 22 | 0.17 ± 0.94 | 0.83 | 0.42 | 18 | 0.11 ± 1.21 | 0.39 | 0.70 | 0.06 |
IPPA Peers | 22 | 0.68 ± 6.26 | 0.51 | 0.61 | 18 | 1.28 ± 4.17 | 1.30 | 0.21 | − 0.20 |
IPPA Mother | 21 | 0.33 ± 3.91 | 0.39 | 0.70 | 18 | 1.50 ± 5.44 | 1.17 | 0.26 | − 0.30 |
IPPA Father | 21 | 0.57 ± 4.08 | 0.64 | 0.53 | 18 | − 0.50 ± 4.53 | − 0.47 | 0.65 | 0.33 |
WHO-QOL | 22 | 1.14 ± 8.37 | 0.64 | 0.53 | 17 | 0.29 ± 4.21 | 0.29 | 0.78 | 0.27 |
Profile of mood states | |||||||||
Tension | 22 | − 1.86 ± 2.29 | − 3.81 | 0.001 | 18 | − 2.28 ± 3.46 | − 2.79 | 0.012 | 0.14 |
Anger | 22 | 0.59 ± 3.69 | 0.75 | 0.46 | 18 | 0.06 ± 3.84 | 0.06 | 0.95 | 0.14 |
Depression | 22 | 0.50 ± 2.63 | 0.89 | 0.38 | 18 | − 0.28 ± 3.51 | − 0.34 | 0.74 | 0.25 |
Vigor | 22 | 1.14 ± 3.88 | 1.37 | 0.18 | 18 | − 0.61 ± 3.27 | − 0.79 | 0.43 | 0.50 |
Fatigue | 22 | − 0.23 ± 6.04 | − 0.18 | 0.86 | 18 | 0.39 ± 4.73 | 0.35 | 0.73 | − 0.11 |