From: Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism
ASD (N= 40) | TD (N= 53) | Effects | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex ratio | 15f, 25m (62.5% Male) | 25f, 28m (53% male) | χ2 = .52, p = .47 | ||||
Race |
Black/African American 5% (n = 2) White/Caucasian 85% (n = 34) Asian or Pacific Islander 2.5% (n = 1) Multiracial 5% (n = 2) Other 2.5% (n = 1) |
Black/African American 22.6% (n = 12) White/Caucasian 60.4% (n = 32) Asian or Pacific Islander 3.7% (n = 2) Multiracial 13.2% (n = 7) Other 0% (n = 0) | χ2 = 9.68, p = .05 | ||||
Maternal education |
High school or less 7.5% (n = 3) Bachelor’s or less 40% (n = 16) Graduate degree 50% (n = 20) Not reported 2.5% (n = 1) |
High school or less 5.7% (n = 3) Bachelor’s or less 53% (n = 28) Graduate degree 42% (n = 22) Not reported 0% (n = 0) | χ2 = 1.27, p = .53 | ||||
Female | Male | Female | Male | Sex | Dx | Sex in ASD | |
Age (years) |
10.89 (2.30) 7.5–16.3 |
12.07 (3.27) 7.2–17.9 |
10.23 (2.70) 6.4–15.5 |
9.44 (1.89) 6.9–14.1 |
p = .99 d = .01 |
p = .002 d = − .69 |
p = .23 d = .40 |
Full-scale IQ |
107.9 (11.23) 79–124 |
106.40 (13.68) 78–131 |
108.12 (12.46) 86–131 |
110.96 (12.43) 86–133 |
p = .70 d = .08 |
p = .30 d = .22 |
p = .72 d = − .12 |
Verbal IQ |
105.80 (10.29) 85–122 |
106.20 (13.33) 83–130 |
109.04 (12.82) 80–128 |
109.21 (13.77) 86–131 |
p = .92 d = .02 |
p = .25 d = .24 |
p = .92 d = .03 |
Non-verbal IQ |
107.80 (14.98) 80–130 |
105.32 (13.63) 78–130 |
104.76 (13.03) 81–129 |
108.54 (12.46) 82–130 |
p = .68 d = .09 |
p = .83 d = .05 |
p = .59 d = − .18 |
ADOS-2 CSS Total |
6.60 (2.29) 3–10 |
7.00 (1.80) 2–10 |
1.08 (0.28) 1–2 |
1.32 (0.48) 1–2 |
p = .28 d = .10 |
p < .001 d = − 4.21 |
p = .54 d = .20 |
ADOS-2 SA CSS |
6.53 (2.20) 3–10 |
7.36 (1.66) 3–10 |
1.44 (0.77) 1–3 |
1.75 (0.84) 1–3 |
p = .07 d = .17 |
p < .001 d = − 3.89 |
p = .19 d = .44 |
ADOS-2 RRB CSS |
7.27 (1.75) 5–10 |
6.44 (2.14) 1–10 |
1.32 (1.11) 1–5 |
1.86 (1.92) 1–7 |
p = .94 d = -.01 |
p < .001 d = − 2.87 |
p = .22 d = − .41 |
SCQ Total |
17.79 (7.39) 6–31 |
17.56 (7.88) 4–33 |
2.00 (2.24) 0–8 |
2.50 (3.05) 0–14 |
p = .86 d = .02 |
p < .001 d = − 2.87 |
p = .93 d = − .03 |