Skip to main content

Table 3 Twin sample characteristics for the behavioral variables

From: Sex differences in brain structure: a twin study on restricted and repetitive behaviors in twin pairs with and without autism

 

All (N = 150)

Males (N = 88)

Females (N = 62)

χ2, P

A) Mean scores

IQ mean (SD)

97.86 (15.65)

97.22 (14.42)

98.77 (17.31)

.14, .708

Range

62–142

62–123

63–142

 

ADI-R RRBI mean (SD)

1.02 (1.62)

1.10 (1.81)

0.90 (1.33)

.08, .774

Range

0–10

0–10

0–5

 

ADI-R social interaction mean (SD)

4.08 (5.13)

4 (5.41)

4.19 (4.76)

.27, 0.601

Range

0–25

0–25

0–16

 

Pairs ADI-R RRBI differencea

37

21

16

 

 ASD Discordant pairs

18

   

 ASD Concordant pairs

8

   

 No-ASD pairs

15

   

SRS-2 total score mean (SD)

41.66 (30.97)

40.65 (29.50)

43.10 (33.15)

.01, .927

Range

0–131

4–131

0–130

 

SRS-2 RRB mean (SD)

5.85(6.25)

6.08 (6.41)

5.52 (6.07)

.27, .601

Range

0–26

0–26

0–23

 

SRS-2 social cognition mean (SD)

7.66 (6.50)

7.20 (5.88)

8.31 (7.29)

.29, .591

Range

0–29

0–23

0–29

 

ADOS-severity

2.66 (2.25)

1–10

2.91 (2.44)

1–10

2.31 (1.92)

1–8

3.07, 0.080a

ADOS-severity in ASD-diagnosed Participants (20 males, 12 females)

5.78 (2.52)

1–10

6.40 (2.44)

1–10

4.75 (2.42)

2–8

3.43, 0.064a

Handedness (mean)

66.07

66.72

65.15

1.65, .199

B) Within-pair differences

IQ mean (SD)

10.15 (8.81)

9.84 (9.48)

10.58 (7.90)

.78, .377

Range

0–39

0–39

0–31

 

ADI-R RRBI mean (SD)

1.05 (1.36)

1.022 (1.36)

1.097 (1.40)

.07, .790

Range

0–5

0–5

0–5

 

ADI-R social interaction mean (SD)

2.93(4.27)

3.23 (5.27)

2.52 (3.85)

.02, .890

Range

0–25

0–25

0–15

 

SRS-2 total score mean (SD)

23.05 (26.22)

23.39 (25.55)

22.58 (27.57)

< .001, .991

Range

0–101

0–96

0–101

 

SRS-2 RRB mean (SD)

4.92 (5.77)

5.07 (5.93)

4.71 (5.62)

.05, .827

Range

0–22

0–22

0–22

 

SRS-2 SCOG mean (SD)

5.4(5.35)

5.32(4.79)

5.52(6.14)

.14, .709

Range

0–22

0–19

0–22

 
  1. SD standard deviation, IQ overall intellectual quotient measured with WISC/WAIS. Handedness: assessed with Edinburgh handedness inventory, a scale from − 100/+ 100, where − 100 represents totally left handed, and +100 totally right handed. P-values and chi-squares are given from χ2 tests comparing males with females
  2. aADI-R C difference refers to the number of pairs that have a within-pair difference on the ADIR C score of > 0 and therefore contribute most to the within-pair analyses
  3. **= p <0.01, * p<0.05, . = p< 0.1
Back to article page

Molecular Autism

ISSN: 2040-2392