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Table 1 Whole twin sample and sex specific characteristics

From: Sex differences in brain structure: a twin study on restricted and repetitive behaviors in twin pairs with and without autism

Demographics

All (N = 150)

Males (N = 88)

Females (N = 62)

χ2, P

Number of pairs

75

44

31

 

Age mean (SD)

16.10 (3.31)

15.90 (3.17)

16.39 (3.51)

.61, .435

Age range

9–23.69

10.69–23.34

9–23.69

 

N subjects zygosity MZ/DZ

92/58

50/38

42/20

1.65, .198

N subjects ASD diagnosis

32

20

12

.09, .769

N subjects ASD diagnosis per MZ / DZ

15/17

7/13

8/4

 

N pairs concordant for ASD

6

3

3

 

N pairs discordant for ASD

20

14

6

 

N pairs ASD concordant per MZ/DZ

4/2

1/2

3/0

 

N pairs ASD discordant per MZ/DZ

7/13

5/9

2/4

 

N subjects ADHD diagnoses

34

23

11

1.02, 0.312

N subjects Other neurodevelopmental disorders

25

16

9

0.14, 0.711

N subjects psychiatric diagnoses

24

14

10

< 0.001, 1

N subjects No diagnosis

70

40

30

0.04, 0.851

Age ASD discordant pairs, range

16.21 (3.55)

10.69–23.34

17.70 (3.16)

12.86–21.52

15.58 (3.57)

10.69–23.34

3.14, 0.076*

Age ASD concordant pairs, range

16.28 (4.08)

11.09–23.69

19.30 (3.47)

16.34–23.69

13.26(1.65)

11.09–14.43

8.43, 0.004**

Age non-ASD pairs, range

16.03(3.14)

9.00–22.77

15.63(3.37)

9.00–22.17

16.36(2.94)

10.95–22.77

1.61, 0.205

  1. MZ monozygotic, DZ dizygotic. Concordant: both twins with ASD diagnosis, Discordant: only one sibling with ASD diagnosis. P values and chi-squares from test comparing males and females (χ2 tests for categorical, Kruskal-Wallis for numerical variables). Total number of participants for each diagnosis are displayed, but participants could have more than one diagnosis. N subjects gives the number of individuals, N pairs give the number of pairs (which includes two individuals)
  2. **= p <0.01, * p<0.05, . = p< 0.1