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Table 8 Effect sizes for cross-sectional and longitudinal behavioural risk markers of self-injury over ten years

From: Persistence and predictors of self-injurious behaviour in autism: a ten-year prospective cohort study

 

Cross-sectional effect sizes: significant differences between absent/present SIB

Longitudinal effect sizes: significant difference between absent/persistent SIB

Risk markers

Time 11

N = 149

Time 22

N = 67

Time 3

N = 67

T1–T2

3 years

N = 67

T2–T3

7 years

N = 46

T1–T3

10 years

N = 67

Mood Interest and Pleasure Questionnaire

 Mood

O

O

O

O

O

O

 Interest and pleasure

O

O

O

O

O

O

The Activity Questionnaire

 Impulsivity

+

++

++

++

++

+++

 Overactivity

+

++

++

O

++

++

 Impulsive speech

+

O

O

O

++

O

The Repetitive Behaviour Questionnaire

 Compulsive behaviour

O

++

O

O

O

O

 Insistence on sameness

O

O

++

O

++

O

 Stereotyped behaviour

O

+

O

O

O

O

The Social Communication Questionnaire

 Communication

O

O

O

O

O

O

 Social interaction

O

++

O

++

++

O

 Repetitive behaviour

O

++

++

O

++

O

  1. Effect sizes are R interpreted with Cohens D (‘O’, none, ‘+’, small, ‘++’, medium, ‘+++’, large)
  2. 1[8]
  3. 2[23]