Table 2 Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) score differences between the preterm and term ASD groups
From: Behavioral characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in very preterm birth children
| ADI-R item | ADI-R scorea | MANOVA | Bonferroni’s correction | FDR | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Preterm n = 18 |
Term n = 44 | F value | P value | Wilks lambda | P value | P value | |
| Domain A: Qualitative abnormalities in reciprocal social interaction | F value = 6.2 P < 0.001 | ||||||
| A1: Failure to use nonverbal behaviors to regulate social interaction | 3.8 (1.9) | 3.2 (1.8) | 1.7 | 0.20 | 1 | 0.34 | |
| A2: Failure to develop peer relationships | 3.9 (2.0) | 5.6 (1.8) | 10.2 | 0.002 | 0.024 | 0.024 | |
| A3: Lack of shared enjoyment | 3.2 (1.8) | 3.7 (2.0) | 0.9 | 0.35 | 1 | 0.47 | |
| A4: Lack of socioemotional reciprocity | 4.1 (2.0) | 5.2 (2.3) | 3.2 | 0.08 | 0.96 | 0.19 | |
| Total A: A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 | 14.9 (6.5) | 17.6 (6.1) | 2.3 | 0.13 | |||
| Domain B: Qualitative abnormalities in communication | F value = 1.5 P = 0.20 | ||||||
| B1: Lack of or delay in spoken language and failure to compensate through gesture | 2.9 (2.4) | 3.9 (2.4) | 1.4 | 0.24 | 1 | 0.36 | |
| B4: Lack of varied spontaneous make-believe or social imitative play | 3.6 (1.7) | 4.0 (1.5) | 0.2 | 0.65 | 1 | 0.71 | |
| B2(V)b: Relative failure to initiate or sustain conversational interchange | 2.8 (1.2) | 3.4 (1.1) | 3.5 | 0.07 | 0.84 | 0.19 | |
| B3(V)b: Stereotyped, repetitive, or idiosyncratic speech | 2.4 (2.0) | 3.4 (1.9) | 3.1 | 0.08 | 0.96 | 0.19 | |
| Total B(V)b: B1 + B4 + B2(V) + B3(V) | 11.8 (5.4) | 14.4 (4.3) | 3.8 | 0.06 | |||
| Domain C: Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped behavioral patterns | F value = 1.3 P = 0.28 | ||||||
| C1: Encompassing preoccupation or circumscribed pattern of interest | 1.2 (1.4) | 1.8 (1.2) | 2.9 | 0.10 | 1 | 0.2 | |
| C2: Apparently compulsive adherence to nonfunctional routines or rituals | 1.2 (1.5) | 1.4 (1.5) | 0.1 | 0.73 | 1 | 0.73 | |
| C3: Stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms | 0.8 (1.1) | 1.0 (1.0) | 0.5 | 0.49 | 1 | 0.59 | |
| C4: Preoccupation with parts of objects or nonfunctional elements of material | 1.0 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.8) | 4.3 | 0.04 | 0.48 | 0.19 | |
| Total C: C1 + C2 + C3 + C4 | 4.2 (3.1) | 5.6 (3.0) | 2.8 | 0.10 | |||