Table 1 Target and/or mechanism of drugs tested on genetic rodent models of ASD which are FDA approved or in clinical trials for any clinical disorder
From: A multifaceted approach for analyzing complex phenotypic data in rodent models of autism
Agent | Target/mechanism | References | Clinical trials in ASD |
|---|---|---|---|
IGF-1 | Agonist: receptor kinase(tyrosine), Akt, IGF-1(receptor), insulin (receptor) | [40] | Yes, 2 |
Amphetamine | Agonist: dopamine(receptor), norepinephrine(receptor), glutamate (ionotropic receptor NMDA), serotonin(receptor) | [41] | Yes, 1 (with ADHD) |
Minocycline | Neuroprotective, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent; inhibits: Tnf-alpha, nitric oxide synthase | [42] | Yes, 1 |
D-cycloserine | Agonist: glutamate (ionotropic receptor NMDA) | [43] | Yes, 1 |
Vasopressin | Agonist or upregulation: avp (receptor 1a/1b/2), autophagy, PIP pathway | [44] | Yes, ~ 3 |
Memantine | Antagonist: glutamate (ionotropic receptor NMDA), serotonin (receptor 5-HT3), acetylcholine (nicotinic receptor); agonist: sigmaergic (receptor 1), dopamine (receptor D2) | [45] | Yes, ~ 10 |
Baclofen | Agonist: gaba (receptor B) | [46] | Yes, ~ 8 (arbaclofen) |
Risperidone | Antagonist: dopamine (receptor D1/D5/D2/D3/D4), serotonin(receptors(5-HT2a/2c), adrenergic (receptor alpha1/alpha2), histamine (receptor H1) | [47] | Yes, ~ 7 |
Oxytocin | Agonist: oxytocin(receptor) | [48] | Yes, ~ 24 |