Molecular Autism

Table 3 Levels of perfluoroalkylated substances and elements in amniotic fluid

From: Autism spectrum disorders, endocrine disrupting compounds, and heavy metals in amniotic fluid: a case-control study

	ASD cases			Control
	n	Median	Min-max	n	Median	Min-max	p	FDR (q_value)
PFAS (ng/mL)
PFOS	37	0.61	0.61–2.98	51	1.44	0.61–4.22	0.015	0.189
PFOSA	37	0.60	0.60–13.30	51	0.60	0.60–19.00	0.152	0.638
PFOA	37	0.29	0.10–0.78	51	0.32	0.10–1.86	0.516	0.764
∑PFSA	37	1.56	1.56–15.40	51	2.60	1.56–21.70	0.011	0.189
∑PFCA	37	1.54	1.35–2.03	51	1.57	1.35–3.11	0.489	0.764
∑PFSA+∑PFCA	37	3.26	2.91–17.37	51	4.23	2.91–23.26	0.021	0.189
Elements (μg/L)
Fe	37	259.00	16.00–778.0	51	270.00	128.00–2575	0.571	0.764
Cu	37	89.15	45.62–206.10	51	100.40	53.53–223.10	0.189	0.638
Zn	37	97.90	34.69–754.5	51	102.00	30.90–1216	0.557	0.764
Se	37	4.43	2.250–7.130	51	4.55	2.980–7.27	0.758	0.861
I	37	1.88	1.88–94.68	51	1.88	1.88–195.40	0.765	0.861
Cr	37	0.75	0.16–3.85	51	0.73	0.31–2.21	0.365	0.704
Mn	37	0.65	0.65–25.89	51	0.65	0.65–5.26	0.826	0.892
As	37	1.33	1.33–6.19	51	1.33	1.33–4.96	0.328	0.704
Cd	37	0.02	0.02–1.92	51	0.02	0.02–0.14	0.648	0.795
Pb	37	0.22	0.22–2.27	51	0.22	0.22–5.30	0.526	0.764

∑PFSA perfluorosulfonated acids which was the sum of PFOS, PFHpS, PFBS, PFHxS, PFDS, and PFOSA, ∑PFCA perfluorocarboxylated acids which was the sum of PFOA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnA, PFDoA, and PFPeA, FDR (q_value) false discovery rate. The difference between cases and controls was compared using non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. Italicized values indicate statistically significant (p < 0.05 and FDR q_value < 0.25)

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