Table 9 Characteristics of Jiamusi sample within age range during clinical assessments
From: Autism prevalence in China is comparable to Western prevalence
Variables | n (%) | Group 1: CAST ≥ 15 | Group 2: 12–14 | Group 3: ≤ 11 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Completed | Not completed | Invited and completed | Invited but not participated | Not invited | Invited | Not invited | ||
Number | 414 (46) | 487 (54) | 144 (8) | 124 (7) | 1554 (85) | 750 (6) | 12,190 (94) | |
CAST score | Median (IQR) | 16 (15,17) | 16 (15.17) | 12 (12, 13) | 13 (12, 14) | 13 (12, 13) | 7 (5,9) | 7 (5, 9) |
Mean (SD) | 16 (2.6) | 16 (3.9) | 12 (1.8) | 12 (2.1) | 12 (1.8) | 7 (2.4) | 6 (2.5) | |
Age | Mean (SD) | 8.2 (1.3) | 7.8 (1.7) | 7.9 (1.5) | 7.8 (1.3) | 8.0 (1.3) | 7.9 (1.1) | 8.2 (1.1) |
Sex | ||||||||
Boys | 260 (63) | 337 (69) | 80 (56) | 63 (51) | 921 (59) | 376 (50) | 5979 (49) | |
Girls | 151 (36) | 148 (30) | 64 (44) | 59 (48) | 625 (40) | 373 (48) | 6189 (46) | |
Missing | 3 (0.7) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.6) | 8 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) | 22 (0.2) | |
Mother’s age | ||||||||
≤ 24 | 3 (0.7) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) | 27 (0.2) | |
25–30 | 64 (15.5) | 84 (17.3) | 28 (19.4) | 16 (12.9) | 237 (15.3) | 149 (19.9) | 1462 (12.0) | |
31–34 | 215 (51.9) | 230 (47.2) | 87 (60.4) | 61 (49.2) | 831 (53.5) | 444 (59.2) | 6811 (55.9) | |
35–40 | 37 (8.9) | 31 (6.4) | 10 (6.9) | 7 (5.7) | 112 (7.2) | 50 (6.7) | 713 (5.9) | |
≥ 41 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.0) | |
Missing | 95 (23.0) | 140 (28.8) | 19 (13.2) | 40 (32.3) | 370 (23.8) | 105 (14.0) | 3175 (26.1) | |
Father’s age | ||||||||
≤ 24 | 2 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | 14 (0.1) | |
25–30 | 32 (7.7) | 37 (7.6) | 12 (8.3) | 12 (9.7) | 108 (7.0) | 70 (9.3) | 532 (4.4) | |
31–34 | 262 (63.3) | 280 (57.5) | 105 (72.9) | 75 (60.5) | 937 (60.3) | 534 (71.2) | 8128 (66.7) | |
35–40 | 50 (12.1) | 52 (10.7) | 16 (11.1) | 12 (9.7) | 188 (12.1) | 68 (9.1) | 1223 (10.0) | |
≥ 41 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.2) | |
Missing | 68 (16.4) | 115 (23.6) | 11 (7.6) | 25 (20.2) | 315 (20.3) | 77 (10.3) | 2291 (18.8) | |
Mother’s education | ||||||||
Junior high or lower | 223 (53.9) | 225 (46.2) | 97 (67.4) | 56 (45.2) | 804 (51.7) | 496 (66.1) | 4583 (37.6) | |
High school | 133 (32.1) | 160 (32.9) | 36 (25.0) | 44 (35.5) | 455 (29.3) | 194 (25.9) | 4258 (34.9) | |
College or university | 37 (32.1) | 79 (16.2) | 4 (2.8) | 20 (16.1) | 231 (14.9) | 48 (6.4) | 2997 (24.6) | |
Graduate school | 6 (1.5) | 7 (1.4) | 2 (1.4) | 1 (0.8) | 18 (1.2) | 6 (0.8) | 217 (1.8) | |
Missing | 15 (3.6) | 16 (3.3) | 5 (3.5) | 3 (2.4) | 46 (3.0) | 6 (0.8) | 135 (1.1) | |
Father’s education | ||||||||
Junior high or lower | 220 (53.1) | 209 (42.9) | 99 (68.8) | 51 (41.1) | 743 (47.8) | 492 (65.6) | 4349 (35.7) | |
High school | 124 (30.0) | 152 (31.2) | 36 (25.0) | 52 (41.9) | 506 (32.6) | 197 (26.3) | 4335 (35.6) | |
College or university | 47 (11.4) | 96 (19.7) | 5 (3.5) | 17 (13.7) | 241 (15.5) | 44 (5.9) | 3047 (25.0) | |
Graduate school | 6 (1.5) | 10 (2.1) | 2 (1.4) | 2 (1.6) | 20 (1.3) | 8 (1.1) | 264 (2.2) | |
Missing | 17 (4.1) | 20 (4.1) | 2 (1.4) | 2 (1.6) | 44 (2.8) | 9 (1.2) | 195 (1.6) | |
Mother’s occupation | ||||||||
Public servant hired by the government | 15 (3.6) | 18 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.2) | 34 (2.2) | 10 (1.3) | 363 (3.0) | |
Company clerks | 19 (4.6) | 40 (8.2) | 8 (5.6) | 10 (8.1) | 144 (9.3) | 66 (8.8) | 1586 (13.0) | |
Industry workers | 26 (6.3) | 44 (9.0) | 5 (3.5) | 8 (6.5) | 134 (8.6) | 31 (4.1) | 1578 (13.0) | |
Self-employed | 103 (24.9) | 141 (29.0) | 32 (22.2) | 48 (38.7) | 460 (29.6) | 188 (25.1) | 3735 (30.6) | |
Other worker | 53 (12.8) | 44 (9.0) | 26 (18.1) | 8 (6.5) | 156 (10.0) | 82 (10.9) | 996 (8.2) | |
Student | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (0.1) | |
Farmer | 99 (23.9) | 80 (16.4) | 27 (18.8) | 24 (19.4) | 270 (17.4) | 156 (20.8) | 1415 (11.6) | |
Unemployed | 87 (21.0) | 109 (22.4) | 46 (31.9) | 20 (16.1) | 325 (20.9) | 215 (28.7) | 2355 (19.3) | |
Missing | 12 (2.9) | 11 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.6) | 31 (2.0) | 2 (0.3) | 155 (1.3) | |
Father’s occupation | ||||||||
Public servant hired by the government | 6 (1.5) | 23 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.2) | 51 (3.3) | 10 (1.3) | 696 (5.7) | |
Company clerks | 32 (7.7) | 38 (7.8) | 10 (6.9) | 10 (8.1) | 124 (8.0) | 41 (5.5) | 1385 (11.4) | |
Industry workers | 22 (5.3) | 52 (10.7) | 8 (5.6) | 7 (5.6) | 138 (8.9) | 29 (3.9) | 1386 (11.4) | |
Self-employed | 103 (24.9) | 126 (25.9) | 33 (22.9) | 41 (33.1) | 472 (30.4) | 253 (33.7) | 4016 (33.0) | |
Other worker | 99 (23.9) | 81 (16.6) | 38 (26.4) | 26 (21.0) | 283 (18.2) | 155 (20.7) | 2084 (17.1) | |
Student | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.0) | |
Farmer | 97 (23.4) | 76 (15.6) | 35 (24.3) | 20 (16.1) | 274 (17.6) | 156 (20.8) | 1444 (11.9) | |
Unemployed | 38 (9.2) | 70 (14.4) | 19 (13.2) | 13 (10.5) | 163 (10.5) | 99 (13.2) | 913 (7.5) | |
Missing | 17 (4.1) | 21 (4.3) | 1 (0.7) | 3 (2.4) | 49 (3.2) | 7 (0.9) | 261 (2.1) | |
Income | ||||||||
≤ 1999 | 128 (30.9) | 141 (29.0) | 40 (27.8) | 34 (27.4) | 346 (22.3) | 191 (25.5) | 1869 (15.3) | |
2000–3999 | 150 (36.2) | 161 (33.1) | 49 (34.0) | 45 (36.3) | 550 (35.4) | 311 (41.5) | 4035 (33.1) | |
4000–5999 | 62 (15.0) | 79 (16.2) | 26 (18.1) | 23 (18.6) | 318 (20.5) | 147 (19.6) | 3270 (26.8) | |
6000–7999 | 22 (5.3) | 26 (5.3) | 10 (6.9) | 8 (6.5) | 121 (7.8) | 43 (5.7) | 1493 (12.3) | |
8000–9999 | 7 (1.7) | 19 (3.9) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.6) | 44 (2.8) | 17 (2.3) | 485 (4.0) | |
≥ 10,000 | 10 (2.4) | 19 (3.9) | 3 (2.1) | 7 (5.7) | 51 (3.3) | 7 (0.9) | 478 (3.9) | |
Missing | 35 (8.5) | 42 (8.6) | 15 (10.4) | 5 (4.0) | 124 (8.0) | 34 (4.5) | 560 (4.6) | |