Table 1 Inclusion criteria, recruitment and collection methods of the samples from UK, Japan and India
From: A cross-cultural study of autistic traits across India, Japan and the UK
| Â | UK | Japan | India |
|---|---|---|---|
Inclusion criteria | All Aged 4–9 years Lives in UK No diagnosed ID No siblings in the study | All Aged 4–9 years Lives in Tokyo No diagnosed ID No siblings in the study | All Aged 4–9 years Lives in Kolkata or Delhi No diagnosed ID Primary language Hindi (if in Delhi) or Bengali (if in Kolkata) No visual, hearing, motor, neurological or mental health disorder No siblings in the study |
Cases Diagnosed by recognised clinical service, according to DSM-IVa or DSM-5b criteria. | Cases Diagnosis confirmed by school and/or clinic Diagnosis by DSM-IVa/ICD-10c No additional diagnosis other than ASD | Cases Diagnosis by DSM-IVa/ICD-10c | |
Controls No neurodevelopmental disorder | Controls No diagnosable condition | Controls No formal diagnosis of any mental health condition | |
Autism recruitment | Via ARC’s volunteer database | Special education schools for children with developmental disorders | Not-for-profit organisations providing support for people with ASD |
Control recruitment | Mainstream schools in Cambridgeshire, UK | Mainstream schools in Tokyo | Mainstream schools in Kolkata and Delhi, general population |
AQ-Child method of completion | Cases online; controls pen and paper | Pen and paper | Pen and paper |
Informant | Either parent | Mothers | Either parent |