| Control Group | ASD Group | Main Effect of Group | Main Effect of Conditiona | Group X Conditiona Interaction | |||||||||||
Symbolic | Non-Symbolic | Symbolic | Non-Symbolic | |||||||||||||
M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | F | df | p | η2 | F | df | p | η2 | F | df | p | η2 | |
Naming Performance | ||||||||||||||||
 Overall Naming Time | 13.61 (3.91) | 22.16 (5.93) | 17.91 (6.09) | 29.74 (9.74) | 15.33 | 1, 92 | < 0.001 * | 0.14 | 8.78 | 1, 92 | 0.004 * | 0.09 | 9.66 | 1, 92 | 0.003 * | 0.10 |
 Errors | 0.77 (0.97) | 1.15 (1.57) | 1.64 (1.87) | 2.74 (2.76) | 7.95 | 1, 92 | 0.006 * | 0.08 | 4.75 | 1, 92 | 0.032 | 0.05 | 2.04 | 1, 92 | 0.157 | 0.02 |
Eye Movement | ||||||||||||||||
 Eye-voice Span | 1.46 (0.4) | 1.11 (0.19) | 1.2 (0.29) | 1.01 (0.23) | 12.29 | 1, 93 | 0.001 * | 0.12 | 1.61 | 1, 93 | 0.207 | 0.02 | 6.84 | 1, 93 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
 Total Fixations | 29.66 (3.74) | 33.95 (4.44) | 31.51 (5.55) | 37.62 (5.47) | 5.46 | 1, 93 | 0.022 | 0.06 | 2.51 | 1, 93 | 0.117 | 0.03 | 2.08 | 1, 93 | 0.153 | 0.02 |
 Refixations | 8.91 (2.47) | 8.69 (4.44) | 11.02 (3.7) | 13.49 (5.07) | 13.96 | 1, 93 | < 0.001 * | 0.96 | 0.73 | 1, 93 | 0.40 | 0.14 | 8.00 | 1, 93 | 0.006 * | 0.80 |
 | Parent-control Group | Parent-ASD Group | Main Effect of Group | Main Effect of Condition | Group X Condition Interactiona | |||||||||||
Symbolic | Non-Symbolic | Symbolic | Non-Symbolic | |||||||||||||
M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | F | df | p | η2 | F | df | p | η2 | F | df | p | η2 | |
Naming Performance | ||||||||||||||||
 Overall Naming Time | 13.05 (2.2) | 20.51 (3.32) | 13.89 (2.44) | 21.78 (3.32) | 5.95 | 1, 188 | 0.016 | 0.03 | 8.60 | 1, 188 | 0.004 * | 0.04 | 0.91 | 1, 188 | 0.342 | 0.01 |
 Errors | 0.36 (0.5) | 0.54 (0.75) | 0.41 (0.65) | 0.94 (1.06) | 3.26 | 1, 188 | 0.041 | 0.02 | 4.66 | 1, 188 | 0.032 | 0.02 | 3.83 | 1, 188 | 0.052 | 0.02 |
Eye Movement | ||||||||||||||||
 Eye-voice Span | 1.48 (0.33) | 1.11 (0.13) | 1.37 (0.33) | 1.06 (0.16) | 5.13 | 1, 189 | 0.025 | 0.03 | 234.01 | 1, 189 | < 0.001 * | 0.55 | 2.33 | 1, 189 | 0.129 | 0.01 |
 Total Fixations | 27.1 (4.25) | 32.96 (3.64) | 29.39 (4.24) | 34.54 (3.8) | 13.43 | 1, 189 | < 0.001 * | 0.07 | 255.13 | 1, 189 | < 0.001 * | 0.57 | 1.05 | 1, 189 | 0.306 | 0.01 |
 Refixations | 8.68 (2.65) | 9.71 (4.91) | 9.09 (2.93) | 10.58 (4.67) | 1.50 | 1, 189 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 15.03 | 1, 189 | < 0.001 * | 0.97 | 0.52 | 1, 189 | 0.47 | 0.11 |