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Table 2 Summary of Results

From: Links between looking and speaking in autism and first-degree relatives: insights into the expression of genetic liability to autism

 

Control Group

ASD Group

Main Effect of Group

Main Effect of Conditiona

Group X Conditiona Interaction

Symbolic

Non-Symbolic

Symbolic

Non-Symbolic

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

F

df

p

η2

F

df

p

η2

F

df

p

η2

Naming Performance

 Overall Naming Time

13.61 (3.91)

22.16 (5.93)

17.91 (6.09)

29.74 (9.74)

15.33

1, 92

< 0.001 *

0.14

8.78

1, 92

0.004 *

0.09

9.66

1, 92

0.003 *

0.10

 Errors

0.77 (0.97)

1.15 (1.57)

1.64 (1.87)

2.74 (2.76)

7.95

1, 92

0.006 *

0.08

4.75

1, 92

0.032

0.05

2.04

1, 92

0.157

0.02

Eye Movement

 Eye-voice Span

1.46 (0.4)

1.11 (0.19)

1.2 (0.29)

1.01 (0.23)

12.29

1, 93

0.001 *

0.12

1.61

1, 93

0.207

0.02

6.84

1, 93

0.01

0.07

 Total Fixations

29.66 (3.74)

33.95 (4.44)

31.51 (5.55)

37.62 (5.47)

5.46

1, 93

0.022

0.06

2.51

1, 93

0.117

0.03

2.08

1, 93

0.153

0.02

 Refixations

8.91 (2.47)

8.69 (4.44)

11.02 (3.7)

13.49 (5.07)

13.96

1, 93

< 0.001 *

0.96

0.73

1, 93

0.40

0.14

8.00

1, 93

0.006 *

0.80

 

Parent-control Group

Parent-ASD Group

Main Effect of Group

Main Effect of Condition

Group X Condition Interactiona

Symbolic

Non-Symbolic

Symbolic

Non-Symbolic

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

F

df

p

η2

F

df

p

η2

F

df

p

η2

Naming Performance

 Overall Naming Time

13.05 (2.2)

20.51 (3.32)

13.89 (2.44)

21.78 (3.32)

5.95

1, 188

0.016

0.03

8.60

1, 188

0.004 *

0.04

0.91

1, 188

0.342

0.01

 Errors

0.36 (0.5)

0.54 (0.75)

0.41 (0.65)

0.94 (1.06)

3.26

1, 188

0.041

0.02

4.66

1, 188

0.032

0.02

3.83

1, 188

0.052

0.02

Eye Movement

 Eye-voice Span

1.48 (0.33)

1.11 (0.13)

1.37 (0.33)

1.06 (0.16)

5.13

1, 189

0.025

0.03

234.01

1, 189

< 0.001 *

0.55

2.33

1, 189

0.129

0.01

 Total Fixations

27.1 (4.25)

32.96 (3.64)

29.39 (4.24)

34.54 (3.8)

13.43

1, 189

< 0.001 *

0.07

255.13

1, 189

< 0.001 *

0.57

1.05

1, 189

0.306

0.01

 Refixations

8.68 (2.65)

9.71 (4.91)

9.09 (2.93)

10.58 (4.67)

1.50

1, 189

0.22

0.23

15.03

1, 189

< 0.001 *

0.97

0.52

1, 189

0.47

0.11

  1. Bold indicates significance p < .05.
  2. aCondition refers to symbolic (letter and number) and non-symbolic (object and color) RAN conditions
  3. *indicates significance following Bonferroni corrected significance value p ≤ .008