The effect of age on vertex-based measures of the grey-white matter tissue contrast in autism spectrum disorder

Table 2 Clusters of significant reductions in GWC and WMI in ASD relative to controls

	Cluster	Region labels	Side	BA	Vertices	t _max	p	Age (age²)-by-group interactions
GWC	1	Rostral middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus	R	10	24,950	− 3.96	3.17 × 10⁻⁶	Age (age²)
	2	Inferior parietal cortex, lateral occipital cortex, superior parietal cortex	R	39	20,502	− 4.10	3.17 × 10⁻⁶	Age (age²)
	3	Postcentral gyrus, superior parietal cortex, supramarginal gyrus	R	1/2	6528	− 4.22	3.49 × 10⁻⁵	Age (age²)
	4	Supramarginal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal cortex	L	40	4828	− 3.84	.00026	Age
	5	Caudal middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, rostral middle frontal gyrus	L	6	5778	− 3.78	.00046	–
	6	Rostral middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, lateral orbital frontal cortex	L	10	5243	− 3.18	.0036	–
	7	Precuneus cortex, paracentral lobule	R	7	3448	− 3.14	.037	–
WMI	1	Inferior parietal cortex, precuneus cortex, superior parietal cortex	R	39	7320	− 3.77	2.27 × 10⁻⁶	Age (age²)
	2	Rostral middle frontal gyrus, caudal middle frontal gyrus, pars orbitalis	R	9	5219	− 3.48	2.95 × 10⁻⁵	Age (age²)
	3	Supramarginal gyrus, inferior parietal cortex, superior temporal gyrus	L	40	7096	− 3.75	.0003	Age (age²)
	4	Lateral occipital cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, lingual gyrus	L	37	5296	− 3.91	.0005	Age (age²)
	5	Precuneus cortex, isthmus-cingulate cortex	L	7	1656	− 3.82	.0018	Age
	6	Lateral orbital frontal cortex	R	47	1052	− 4.25	.022	–
	7	Lateral occipital cortex, inferior temporal cortex, middle temporal gyrus	R	19	2907	− 3.07	.04	–
	8	Fusiform gyrus	R	37	1568	− 3.27	.048	–

Note. GWC, Grey-white matter contrast; WMI, white matter intensity; BA, approximate Brodmann area at t_max within cluster; L, left; R, right; t_max, test statistic within cluster; p, cluster-corrected p value. Vertices: the number of vertices within the cluster; age/age² indicates existence of significant age-by-group interaction for linear and/or quadratic terms. For each cluster, the three most significant regions are reported

ISSN: 2040-2392