Table 1 Animal models used in this study

Shank3B^−/−

Jax #017688

C57BL/6J

[27]

Abnormal social behavior; excessive grooming leading to self-injury.

Reduced PSD levels of GluR2, NR2A/2B, Homer.

In striatum: reduced mEPSP frequency and amplitude; reduced population spike amplitude.

Shank3Δex4–9^+/−

Jax #017890

C57BL/6J

[28]

Less social sniffing, fewer vocalizations in males exposed to females.

Reduced GluR1 immunofluorescent puncta in hippocampus.

In hippocampus: reduced mEPSP amplitude but increased frequency. AMPAR-dependent deficit in population spike amplitude. Impaired LTP, normal LTD.

Ube3a^2xTG

Jax #017482

FVB

[34]

Abnormal social behavior, fewer ultrasonic vocalizations in adult animals, increased repetitive grooming

Reduced ARC levels.

In whisker barrel cortex: reduced mEPSP frequency and amplitude; reduced evoked EPSC amplitude.

Cntnap2^-/-

Jax #017482

C57BL/6J

[46]; in ASD context [64]

Abnormal social behavior, fewer pup ultrasonic vocalizations, increased repetitive grooming

Somatosensory cortex: reduced population synchronization by Ca2+ imaging.

TSC2^+/−

Jax #004686

B6129SF2/J

[65]

Abnormal social behavior [63], impaired hippocampal-dependent memory [37]. Abnormal pup vocalizations [66]

Hippocampus: increased mGluR5 [67].

Hippocampus: enhanced LTP [37], reduced LTD in juveniles, abnormal but present LTD in adults [67].

FMR^−/y

Jax #003025

C57BL/6 J

[68]

Abnormal social behavior, increased repetitive behaviors, impaired memory; reviewed in [69].

Less mGluR5 in forebrain PSD preps; normal levels of other GluRs; normal levels of all receptors in total membrane lysates. [70].

Hippocampus: enhanced, abnormal LTD; LTP reported impaired or normal (reviewed by [69]). Cortex: normal LTP at 2 months, abnormal at 12 months [71].

VPA

Generated by M. Fahnestock, McMaster U.

CD-1

[72] (established model); [73] (tested behavior)

Reduced social interaction, increased repetitive/stereotyped behaviors [73], reduced vocalizations [74],

Cortex of 2-week-old rats: increased NR2A/B, [35]; adult rats: reduced PSD95 [52].

Cortical pyramidal neurons: enhanced NMDAR-mediated currents, enhanced LTP [35].