Fig. 5

Postnatal resveratrol treatment ameliorates prenatal norethindrone exposure-induced autism-like behavior. Three-month-old pregnant dams were exposed to NET (20 μg levonorgestrel) or VEH (vehicle, 5% ethanol in organic sesame oil) by subcutaneous daily injection of 0.1 ml for 21 days until pup delivery. Both male and female offspring were then treated by either control (CTL) or resveratrol (RSV) for 4 weeks starting from 5 weeks old. Both male and female offspring were used for autism-like behavior tests at 10 weeks old. a Buried marble tests, n = 9. b, c Social interaction time in both male (b) and female (c) offspring, n = 9. *, P < 0.05, vs VEH/CTL group; ¶, P < 0.05, vs NET/CTL group. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM