Study | Demographics: final N (age range: mean ± SD), males %) | EEG system/Reference | Stimuli | Task | N170 latency face superiority (effect size d/g*) | N170 amplitude face inversion (effect size d/g*) | P1 amplitude face inversion (effect size d/g*) | Other ERP findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tye et al., 2013 [31] | ASD: 19 (8–13:11.7 ± 1.7, 100%) ASD + ADHD: 26 (8–13:10.6 ± 1.7, 100%) ADHD: 18 (8–13:10.5 ± 1.9, 100%) TD: 26 (8–13:10.6 ± 1.8, 100%) | 62 Acticap/Average | Female faces upright/inverted with gaze direct/averted No fixation cross | Count flags among fixation |  | ASD/ASD + ADHD vs. TD + ADHD: d = 0.38, n.s. | n.s. | Enhanced N170 amplitude in Left Hemisphere |
Churches et al., 2012 [30] | ASD: 10 (30 ± 6.2, 100%) TD: 13 (30 ± 4.8, 100%) | 32 Neuroscan/Nose | Faces/face-like objects/non-face stimuli No fixation cross | Motor response on flower | n.s. |  |  | Smaller N170 amplitude for non-face like objects |
Webb et al., 2012 [29] | ASD: 32 (18–44:23.1 ± 6.9, 94%) TD: 32 (18–43:23.7 ± 6.7, 91%) | 128 EGI/Average | Faces/houses, upright/inverted, scrambles faces | Motor response on scrambled faces | 0.56/0.54 | n.s. | +, p < 0.05 | Face inversion effect on P1/N170 slope: d = 0.63/g* = 0.61 |
McPartland et al., 2011 [27] | ASD: 36 (11.2 ± 3.4, 89%) TD: 18 (12.6 ± 2.4, 83%) | 256 EGI/Average | Faces/houses, upright/inverted (inverted houses not analyzed) | Motor response on repeated stimuli | 0.63/0.61 | 0.41/0.40 | −0.10/−0.10, n.s. |  |
Hileman et al., 2011 [28] | ASD: 27 (9.4–17.4:13.2 ± 2.7, 85%) TD: 22 (9.0–16.9:14.3 ± 2.0, 82%) | 128 EGI/Average | Emotional faces, upright/inverted vehicle No fixation cross | Count female faces/left pointing cars | −0.65/− 0.63, n.s. | −0.43/− 0.42, n.s. | 1.09/1.05 | Strange data: positive N170, no face inversion effect even in TD |
Churches et al., 2010 [26] | ASD: 12 (31.4 ± 6.7, 100%) TD: 13 (29.3 ± 4.6, 100%) | 32 Neuroscan/Nose | Faces/Chairs No fixation cross | Stimulus repetition detection task | n.s. |  |  | Modulation by attention |
O’Connor et al., 2007 [25] | ASD: 15 (18–41:23 ± 4, 100%) TD: 15 (19–37:18 ± 15,100%) | 128 EGI/Average | Sad/neutral faces/eyes/months/objects | Motor response on sad | 0.67/0.63 |  |  |  |
Webb et al., 2006 [24] | ASD: 27 (2.7–4.5:3.7 ± 0.3) TD: 18 (2.7–4.5:3.7 ± 0.6) DD: 18 (2.7–4.5:3.7 ± 0.4) % of males not reported | 64 EGI/Average | Familiar and unfamiliar faces and objects No fixation cross | No task | 0.56/0.54 |  |  | N170 precursor Larger ERPs to objects |
McPartland et al., 2004 [16] | ASD: 9 (15–42:21 ± 8, 89%) TD: 15 (16–37:24 ± 6, 93%) | 128 EGI/Average | Faces/furniture, upright/inverted, butterflies as targets (inverted furniture not analyzed) No fixation cross | Count butterflies | 1.19/1.10 | 0.18/0.17, n.s. |  |  |
Dawson et al., 2005 [45] | Parents of ASD: 21 (29–52:38.5, 48%) Parents of TD: 21 (28–51:38.9, 38%) | 128 EGI/Average | Faces, inverted/upright, chairs No fixation cross | Count scrambled faces | 0.62/0.59 |  |  | Smaller N170 amplitude in Right Hemisphere for faces |