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Table 3 Proportion of children with diagnosed autism or extreme levels of autistic traits by proxies for increased mercury exposure

From: Prenatal mercury exposure and features of autism: a prospective population study

Proxy for mercury exposure

Diagnosed autism, % (n)

Autistic traits, % (n)

Poor social cognition

Poor sociability

Poor coherence

Repetitive behavior

White fish frequencya

 Not at all

1.21 (27)

16.1 (204)

11.6 (191)

12.1 (147)

6.5 (90)

 Once in 2 weeks

1.33 (65)

12.5 (386)

10.4 (397)

9.4 (277)

6.0 (199)

 > once a week

1.37 (69)

11.9 (397)

12.3 (494)

9.7 (314)

5.6 (197)

 P (2df)

0.640

< 0.001

0.029

0.026

0.481

Oily fish frequencya

 Not at all

1.23 (63)

13.8 (407)

12.6 (480)

10.9 (308)

6.0 (195)

 Once in 2 weeks

1.49 (60)

13.2 (354)

10.3 (334)

10.0 (256)

5.8 (165)

 > once a week

1.27 (38)

11.1 (226)

11.0 (268)

8.7 (174)

5.9 (126)

 P (2df)

0.672

0.017

0.010

0.044

0.971

Shellfish frequencya

 Not at all

1.35 (132)

13.0 (801)

11.0 (834)

10.2 (598)

5.8 (384)

 Any

1.23 (29)

12.1 (186)

13.1 (248)

9.4 (140)

6.3 (102)

 P (2df)

0.527

0.352

0.008

0.414

0.438

Had amalgam fillings inserted in pregnancy

 Yes

1.09 (12)

12.8 (222)

10.0 (213)

10.0 (169)

6.7 (127)

 No

1.52 (67)

12.8 (700)

11.7 (786)

9.9 (516)

5.7 (332)

 P (1df)

0.283

0.995

0.029

0.920

0.092

Had amalgam fillings removed in pregnancy

 Yes

1.03 (15)

13.8 (155)

9.1 (126)

10.6 (118)

6.0 (73)

 No

1.58 (126)

12.6 (767)

11.7 (873)

9.8 (567)

5.9 (386)

 P (1df)

0.110

0.284

0.006

0.405

0.865

Number of amalgams in mouth in pregnancy

 0

1.62 (11)

13.5 (60)

12.4 (77)

11.4 (47)

6.7 (34)

 1–3

1.29 (25)

13.5 (188)

14.0 (250)

8.6 (112)

6.8 (101)

 4+

1.57 (96)

12.6 (612)

10.4 (600)

9.9 (463)

5.9 (305)

 P (2df)

0.677

0.653

< 0.001

0.196

0.355

  1. All associations with P < 0.10 are italicized
  2. df degrees of freedom
  3. aAmount consumed by mother as reported at 32 weeks gestation