Table 2 LEAP twin sample diagnosis, ratings on symptoms and adaptive behavior (N = 106)
From: EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): the autism twin cohort
ASD twinsa n = 48 | Non-ASD twinsb n = 28 | TD twinsc n = 30 | Group comparison p value; effect size | Between differences (post hoc) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SRS-2d mean (SD) | 90.3 (27.2) | 32.9 (23.9) | 30.4 (25.1) | < .001; η2 = .57 | a > b, c |
ADI-R mean (SD) | |||||
Total score | 30.4 (15.0) | 7.8 (8.1) | 3.8 (4.5) | < .001; η2 = .63 | a > b, c |
ADOS-2e mean (SD) | 5.9 (2.5) | 1.9 (1.1) | 1.9 (1.6) | <.001; η2 = .53 | a > b, c |
Intellectual disability % | 18.8 | 3.6 | 0 | .010; φ = .29 | a > c |
Full-scale IQf mean (SD) | 92.7 (19.6) | 99.0 (14.6) | 103.7 (13.0) | .051; η2 = .06 | a < c |
ADHD symptomsg mean (SD) | 22.9 (12.4) | 11.3 (11.6) | 4.2 (4.6) | < .001; η2 = .37 | a > b, c; b > c |
VABS-2h mean (SD) | |||||
Adaptive Behavior Composite | 72.8 (18.4) | 95.6 (17.5) | 103.2 (8.9) | < .001; η2 = .41 | a < b, c |
CIS mean (SD) | |||||
Self reporti | 9.7 (6.7) | 10.3 (9.3) | 6.3 (5.3) | .090; η2 = .05 | a > c |
Parent report | 14.0 (8.0) | 9.3 (8.7) | 6.5 (6.8) | < 0.001; η2 = .17 | a > b, c |