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Fig. 3 | Molecular Autism

Fig. 3

From: 17-β estradiol increases parvalbumin levels in Pvalb heterozygous mice and attenuates behavioral phenotypes with relevance to autism core symptoms

Fig. 3

Analysis of ultrasonic vocalizations between PV+/+, PV+/−, and PV−/− mouse pairs. Irrespective of treatment, all genotypes displayed similar call emission patterns. a Total number of calls emitted during the 5-min social interaction period; asterisks represent *p < 0.05. b Time course for the number of ultrasonic vocalizations emitted for each 1-min time bin across the 5-min social interaction period, plus 1 min habitation (dashed line indicates introduction of partner mouse). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. c Average call duration, d peak frequency and e frequency modulation of emitted calls during the 5-min social interaction period. f Correlation between ultrasonic vocalizations and time spent in social interaction for each animal. g Representative spectrograms of ultrasonic vocalizations emitted during juvenile reciprocal social interactions of a vehicle-treated (upper traces) and an E2-treated (lower traces) PV+/− mouse are shown

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