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Table 3 The longitudinal association of autistic traits and autism spectrum disorder with sleep problems

From: The bidirectional association between sleep problems and autism spectrum disorder: a population-based cohort study

  

Sleep problems at 6 years

Sleep problems at 9 years

Autism measure

 

B

95% CI

p

B

95% CI

p

Autistic traits* 1.5 years

 

Model 1

0.13

0.09–0.16

< 0.01

0.10

0.06–0.14

< 0.01

 

Model 2

0.07

0.03–0.10

< 0.01

0.08

0.03–0.12

< 0.01

Autistic traits* 3 years

 

Model 1

0.13

0.10–0.16

< 0.01

0.06

0.04–0.08

< 0.01

 

Model 2

0.05

0.02–0.08

< 0.01

0.04

0.03–0.06

< 0.01

Autistic traits** 6 years

 

Model 1

0.13

0.10–0.16

< 0.01

0.14

0.10–0.18

< 0.01

 

Model 2

–

–

–

0.11

0.07–0.14

< 0.01

ASD 6 years

 

Model 1

0.46

0.24–0.68

< 0.01

0.84

0.58–1.10

< 0.01

 

Model 2

–

–

–

0.74

0.49–0.99

< 0.01

  1. Model 1 was adjusted for gender, ethnicity, gestational age, maternal education, and maternal psychopathology. Model 2 was additionally adjusted for prevalent sleep problems
  2. Abbreviations: ASD autism spectrum disorder, PDP Pervasive Development Problem scale, SRS Social Responsiveness Scale
  3. *Measured with PDP-scale CBCL
  4. **Measured with SRS score