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Table 2 The longitudinal association of sleep problems with autistic traits and autism spectrum disorder

From: The bidirectional association between sleep problems and autism spectrum disorder: a population-based cohort study

   Autistic traits* at 3 years Autistic traits** at 6 years ASD at 6 years
Sleep problems   B 95% CI p B‡ 95% CI p OR 95% CI p
1.5 years
  Model 1 0.12 0.08–0.15 < 0.01 0.08 0.05–0.11 < 0.01 1.11 0. 87–1.42 0.41
  Model 2 0.03 − 0.01–0.06 0.13 0.03 − 0.02–0.06 0.07 1.05 0. 81–1.35 0.73
3 years
  Model 1 0.20 0. 17–0.23 < 0.01 0.07 0.04–0.10 < 0.05 1.11 0.86–1.43 0.43
  Model 2 – – – 0.01 − 0.03–0.04 0.70 0.95 0.72–1.24 0.70
  1. Model 1 was adjusted for gender, ethnicity, gestational age, maternal education, and maternal psychopathology. Model 2 was additionally adjusted for prevalent autistic traits
  2. Abbreviations: ASD autism spectrum disorder, SRS Social Responsiveness Scale
  3. ‡Because of the narrow distribution of the SRS, Bs are given in hundredth SRS points
  4. *Measured with PDP-scale CBCL
  5. **Measured with SRS score
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