| N | No ASD diagnosis N = 5062 | ASD diagnosis N = 81 |
---|---|---|---|
Child characteristics | |||
Gender (% girls) | 5143 | 50.1 | 13.6* |
Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 5102 | 39.80 (0.03) | 39.36 (0.26)* |
Ethnicity (%) | |||
 Dutch | 3386 | 69.7 | 75.6 |
 Other-Western | 461 | 9.5 | 7.7 |
 Non-Western | 1007 | 20.8 | 16.7 |
Sleep problem score | |||
 At 1.5 years | 3875 | 1.51 (0.03) | 1.75 (0.26) |
 At 3 years | 3837 | 1.50 (0.03) | 1.77 (0.24) |
 At 6 years | 4981 | 1.02 (0.02) | 1.85 (0.25)* |
 At 9 years | 4003 | 0.82 (0.02) | 1.92 (0.28)* |
Trajectories of sleep problems (%) | |||
 Increasing sleep problems | 622 | 15.6 | 33.8* |
 Decreasing sleep problems | 2432 | 54.8 | 43.7* |
 Stable medium sleep problems | 1318 | 29.6 | 22.5 |
Autistic traits | |||
 PDP score––1.5 years | 3840 | 1.77 (0.03) | 2.26 (0.23)* |
 PDP score––3 years | 3823 | 2.03 (0.03) | 4.81 (0.44)* |
 SRS score––6 years | 5130 | 0.22 (0.00) | 0.97 (0.08)* |
Abdominal pain (%) | 5064 | 7.5 | 5.7 |
Functional constipation (%) | 4894 | 3.5 | 7.5 |
Maternal Characteristics | |||
Age at inclusion (years) | 5143 | 31.4 (0.1) | 31.0 (0.5) |
Educational level (%) | Â | Â | Â |
 No education/primary school | 275 | 5.7 | 2.6 |
 High school/lower vocational training | 1885 | 38.6 | 51.3* |
 Higher vocational or academic training | 2699 | 55.7 | 46.2 |
Psychopathology score | 5295 | 0.24 (0.00) | 0.38 (0.07)* |