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Table 3 Plasma and urinary glycation, oxidation, and nitration free adduct in plasma filtrate

From: Advanced glycation endproducts, dityrosine and arginine transporter dysfunction in autism - a source of biomarkers for clinical diagnosis

Amino acid

Plasma (nM)

 

Urine (nmol/mg creatinine)

Healthy controls

ASD

P value

Healthy controls

ASD

P value

FL

1489 (987–1863)

751 (361–1.570)

0.047

56.7 (33.8–128.7)

90.8 (42.4–167.9)

 

CML

807 (587–1051)

853 (219–1222)

 

26.2 (19.7–34.7)

33.1 (26.6–42.6)

0.016

CEL

402 (298–477)

420 (310–599)

 

0.435 (0.202–0.848)

0.472 (0.180–0.940)

 

G-H1

0.819 (0.553–1.26)

0.527 (0.366–0.959)

0.037

1.88 (1.11–3.04)

2.57 (1.53–3.75)

0.024

MG-H1

271 (176–475)

335 (213–500)

 

18.6 (8.00–27.4)

24.5 (9.14–37.6)

 

3DG-H

413 (303–637)

360 (280–434)

 

2.06 (0.587–4.38)

2.92 (1.09–6.26)

 

CMA

9.18 (6.67–12.5)

17.7 (13.2–24.8)

0.00052**

1.46 (0.636–1.97)

1.78 (1.14–2.91)

0.037

GSP

12.8 (7.4–17.1)

12.9 (9.3–22.0)

 

1.58 (1.15–1.98)

1.53 (1.20–1.98)

 

MOLD

1.79 (0.800–3.42)

1.10 (0.503–0.2.21)

 

0.025 (0.013–0.050)

0.040 (0.017–0.068)

0.027

Pyrraline

22.0 (12.2–30.4)

24.2 (19.4–40.6)

 

20.6 (14.9–44.2)

34.2 (22.7–72.5)

0.047

DT

0.501 (0.286–0.771)

0.676 (0.500–0.847)

 

0.070 (0.058–0.085)

0.086 (0.075–0.109)

0.0022*

NFK

15.2 (12.5–18.1)

11.3 (6.23–14.3)

0.030

0.117 (0.084–0.231)

0.179 (0.107–0.238)

0.037

AASA

19.7 (16.9–29.1)

30.6 (21.1–46.4)

0.0063

1.08 (0.805–2.76)

1.80 (1.13–2.89)

0.040

GSA

73.9 (53.2–129)

109 (80.1–203)

0.039

17.3 (13.2–22.7)

34.5 (12.7–48.0)

0.0018*

3-NT

1.10 (0.90–1.26)

1.17 (0.79–1.58)

 

0.0044 (0.001–0.010)

0.0077 (0.003–0.014)

 
  1. Data are median (lower – upper quartile); healthy controls, n = 21–31, and ASD, n = 27–38. Significance (Mann-Whitney U)
  2. *P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction of 15 applied