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Table 4 Group means and effect sizes of group differences on neuropsychiatric questionnaires

From: Critical region within 22q11.2 linked to higher rate of autism spectrum disorder

 

Number

Mean (SD)

d

95% confidence interval

SRS-2 T score

 

50 (10)

  

 BD/CD deletion

9

53.4 (13.6)

  

 AB/AC deletion

10

68.5 (15.7)

1.01

(− 0.07, 2.11)

 Classic deletion

61

63.0 (12.6)

− 0.41

(− 1.11, 0.27)

 BD/CD duplication

6

59.5 (16.6)

  

 Classic duplication

28

64.0 (16.3)

0.27

(− 0.67, 1.22)

SCQ raw total

 

Cutoff 15

  

 BD/CD deletion

7

5.7 (4.9)

  

 AB/AC deletion

8

15.0 (9.3)

1.20

(− 0.11, 2.52)

 Classic deletion

52

10.8 (7.3)

− 0.54

(− 1.32, 0.23)

 BD/CD duplication

4

7.2 (9.5)

  

 Classic duplication

22

12.4 (10.3)

0.50

(− 0.67, 1.68)

Vineland composite

 

100(15)

  

 BD/CD deletion

5

103.8 (19.6)

  

 AB/AC deletion

10

85.7 (24.0)

− 0.79

(− 2.11, 0.52)

 Classic deletion

57

87.1 (15.9)

0.08

(− 0.61, 0.78)

 BD/CD duplication

6

92.6 (18.7)

  

 Classic duplication

27

89.4 (19.4)

− 0.16

(− 1.11, 0.78)

Vineland communication

 

100(15)

  

 BD/CD deletion

5

106.0 (21.7)

  

 AB/AC deletion

10

83.0 (18.5)

− 1.17

(− 2.55, 0.20)

 Classic deletion

58

89.7 (18.1)

0.36

(− 0.32, 1.06)

 BD/CD duplication

6

92.1 (20.2)

  

 Classic duplication

27

91.2 (18.5)

− 0.04

(− 0.99, 0.90)

Vineland daily living

 

100(15)

  

 BD/CD deletion

5

96.4 (14.6)

  

 AB/AC deletion

10

86.9 (26.2)

− 0.40

(− 1.69, 0.87)

 Classic deletion

57

88.4 (15.1)

0.08

(− 0.60, 0.78)

 BD/CD duplication

6

91.8 (23.0)

  

 Classic duplication

28

93.6 (21.2)

0.08

(− 0.86, 1.02)

Vineland socialization

 

100(15)

  

 BD/CD deletion

5

107.6 (19.6)

  

 AB/AC deletion

10

91.0 (27.4)

− 0.65

(− 1.96, 0.65)

 Classic deletion

57

90.1 (16.5)

− 0.04

(− 0.74, 0.64)

 BD/CD duplication

6

98.1 (18.3)

  

 Classic duplication

27

90.8 (21.2)

− 0.35

(− 1.30, 0.60)

CASI ADHD

 BD/CD deletion

2

2.5 (1.3)

  

 AB/AC deletion

7

3.4 (1.4)

0.63

(− 1.56, 2.83)

 Classic deletion

43

2.7 (1.2)

− 0.52

(− 1.36, 0.32)

 BD/CD duplication

4

2.7 (2.1)

  

 Classic duplication

20

2.8 (1.3)

0.09

(− 1.09, 1.27)

CASI anxiety

 BD/CD deletion

2

1.3 (0.7)

  

 AB/AC deletion

7

1.9 (1.1)

0.49

(− 1.68, 2.67)

 Classic deletion

43

2.3 (1.3)

0.30

(− 0.53, 1.14)

 BD/CD duplication

4

1.9 (1.5)

  

 Classic duplication

20

1.8 (1.6)

− 0.05

(− 1.24, 1.12)

CASI ASD

 BD/CD deletion

1

n/a

  

 AB/AC deletion

4

1.0 (1.0)

n/a

n/a

 Classic deletion

37

0.5 (0.4)

− 0.83

(− 1.94, 0.27)

 BD/CD duplication

4

0.6 (0.4)

  

 Classic duplication

16

0.8 (0.8)

0.26

(− 0.98, 1.50)

CASI Schizoaffective

 BD/CD deletion

1

n/a

  

 AB/AC deletion

3

0.5(0.5)

n/a

n/a

 Classic deletion

6

0.5(0.2)

− 0.09

(− 0.78, 0.61)

 BD/CD duplication

0

n/a

  

 Classic duplication

4

0.5(0.2)

n/a

n/a

CASI behav. regulation

 BD/CD deletion

2

0.9 (0.4)

  

 AB/AC deletion

7

0.9 (0.6)

0.06

(− 2.08, 2.21)

 Classic deletion

43

1.0 (0.6)

0.16

(− 0.67, 1.00)

 BD/CD duplication

4

0.3 (0.3)

  

 Classic duplication

20

1.0 (0.8)

0.78

(− 0.42, 2.00)

CASI Depression

 BD/CD deletion

2

0.4 (0)

  

 AB/AC deletion

7

0.6 (0.7)

0.33

(− 1.82, 2.50)

 Classic deletion

43

0.5 (0.7)

− 0.15

(− 0.99, 0.67)

 BD/CD duplication

4

0.2 (0.4)

  

 Classic duplication

20

0.4 (0.4)

0.48

(− 0.70, 1.68)

  1. Group means on neuropsychiatric questionnaires. We show 95% confidence intervals of effect sizes as Cohen’s d, which can be interpreted as follows: 0.2 as small, 0.5 as medium, and 0.8 as large [54]. Means and standard deviations for each group are presented, as well as the mean and SD for each measure to aid in interpretation. We derived SRS T-scores using the updated SRS-2 norms for all participants, regardless of the version the participant completed. We averaged CASI-4R raw item scores on similar subscales into composites instead of using T-scores because we encountered a strong ceiling effect when using CASI-4R T-scores because CASI-4R norms collapse all high raw scores into a T-score of 70. Thus, population-normed means and standard deviations are not available for comparison for these averaged composites. For example, all items from the dysthymia subscale and major depression subscales were averaged into a “Depression” composite, after accounting for the number of items in each subscale so that both scales were weighted equally in the composite. The composites are interpreted as “3” indicating that on average, the parent endorsed symptoms in the domain as occurring “very often,” 2 as “often,” 1 as “sometimes,” and 0 as “never”
  2. Vineland Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 2nd Edition; CASI Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-4R; SCQ Social Communication Questionnaire; SRS-2 Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd Edition; n/a not applicable