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Table 2 Comparison of ADHD and oppositional symptoms between probands, unaffected siblings (US), and TD

From: ADHD-related symptoms and attention profiles in the unaffected siblings of probands with autism spectrum disorder: focus on the subtypes of autism and Asperger’s disorder

 

Autism (n = 122)

US of autism (n = 122)

TD (n = 196)

   

Cohen’s d

F

P

Comparisona

A:TD

US:TD

A:US

SNAP-IV

 Inattentive

15.77 ± 6.50

6.34 ± 5.65

5.46 ± 4.65

114.96

<.001

A>US,TD

1.82

0.17

1.55

 Hyperactive/impulsive

10.60 ± 7.04

3.77 ± 4.58

2.92 ± 3.93

69.69

<.001

A>US,TD

1.35

0.20

1.15

 Oppositional

8.36 ± 5.75

5.98 ± 4.73

3.60 ± 3.89

30.17

<.001

A>US>TD

0.97

0.55

0.45

CBCL

 Attention problems

10.60 ± 4.35

3.55 ± 3.61

2.83 ± 2.91

162.70

<.001

A>US,TD

2.10

0.22

1.76

 

AS (n = 77)

US of AS (n = 77)

TD (n = 196)

   

Cohen’s d

F

P

Comparisona

AS:TD

US:TD

AS:US

SNAP-IV

 Inattentive

15.88 ± 6.72

6.58 ± 6.55

5.46 ± 4.65

75.39

<.001

AS>US,TD

1.80

0.20

1.40

 Hyperactive/impulsive

11.83 ± 6.89

4.61 ± 5.47

2.92 ± 3.93

65.12

<.001

AS>US>TD

1.59

0.35

1.16

 Oppositional

11.61 ± 6.21

6.64 ± 6.02

3.60 ± 3.89

53.62

<.001

AS>US>TD

1.55

0.60

0.81

CBCL

 Attention problems

11.82 ± 4.51

3.96 ± 4.21

2.83 ± 2.91

138.04

<.001

AS>US,TD

2.37

0.31

1.80

  1. All passed false discovery date correction p < 0.05
  2. Abbreviations: CBCL the Child Behavior Checklist, SNAP-IV the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV scale
  3. aBonferroni correction p < 0.05