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Table 8 Summary of psychiatric symptom measures by schedule and group

From: The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): clinical characterisation

 

Total

Adults

Adolescents

Children

Mild ID

ASD

TD/ID

ASD

TD

ASD

TD

ASD

TD

ASD

ID

Psychiatric symptom measures

ADHD—inattentiveness

4.55a (3.15)

n = 350

1.29a (2.34)

n = 153

3.18a (3.19)

n = 94

0.88b (1.67)

n = 84

4.82a (3.19)

n = 106

0.88a (1.79)

n = 75

5.20a (2.98)

n = 88

0.67a (1.60)

n = 54

5.21a (2.67)

n = 62

5.17a (2.85)

n = 18

ADHD—hyperactivity/impulsivity

2.83a (2.86)

n = 350

0.56a (1.59)

n = 153

1.22a (1.72)

n = 94

0.55b (1.32)

n = 84

2.70a (2.78)

n = 106

0.19a (0.82)

n = 75

4.41a (2.93)

n = 88

0.35a (1.15)

n = 54

3.27a (2.99)

n = 62

2.94a (2.94)

n = 18

Anxiety

15.05bc (12.76)

n = 104

4.41bc (5.19)

n = 85

49.92bd (10.63)

n = 65

44.42bd (7.55)

n = 65

47.81ad (8.96)

n = 83

38.33ad (5.18)

n = 51

49.17ad (9.45)

n = 29

45.40ad (12.45)

n = 10

Depression

14.11bc (12.41)

n = 103

3.88bc (4.93)

n = 85

51.48bd (10.55)

n = 66

45.56bd (8.05)

n = 66

49.98ad (10.22)

n = 86

39.29ad (4.71)

n = 56

53.17ad (10.07)

n = 29

50.20ad (18.01)

n = 10

  1. ns are lower for some measures due to missing data
  2. ADHD—inattentiveness (ADHD rating scale—inattentiveness subscale), ADHD—hyperactivity/impulsivity (ADHD rating scale—hyperactivity/impulsivity subscale), Anxiety Beck Anxiety Inventory, Depression (Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition)
  3. aParent-report
  4. bSelf-report
  5. cRaw scores
  6. dStandardised scores